2007 Vol. 25 No. 3
2007, 25(3): 217-221.
Abstract：
Mature embryos of wheat as explants have many advantages for transformation.They can overcome some of the immature embryos’ disadvantages,which is difficult to obtain throughout the year and strictly limited by their suitable stage for culture.Mature embryos of wheat from cultivar EM12 in Hubei province and mode variety Bobwhite were used as target materials.The effects of bombardment pressure,bombardment distance,geneticin etc.on mature embryos of wheat by particle bombardment have been optimized in order to obtain a high frequency of plant transformation system.The results show that optimal values of bombardment parameters were found to be a bombardment pressure of 900 psi at a distance of 6 cm for mature embryos.Mature embryos were more sensitive to geneticin G418 than immature embryos,and they had to be grown for longer time before application of the selectant.The optimal selective concentration of G418 for mature embryos is 20-40 mg/L.Under these optimum conditions,the frequency of transformation for mature embryos of wheat was up to 0.3%-0.9%.The transformation system of mature wheat embryos using particle bombardment has been set up preliminarily.
Mature embryos of wheat as explants have many advantages for transformation.They can overcome some of the immature embryos’ disadvantages,which is difficult to obtain throughout the year and strictly limited by their suitable stage for culture.Mature embryos of wheat from cultivar EM12 in Hubei province and mode variety Bobwhite were used as target materials.The effects of bombardment pressure,bombardment distance,geneticin etc.on mature embryos of wheat by particle bombardment have been optimized in order to obtain a high frequency of plant transformation system.The results show that optimal values of bombardment parameters were found to be a bombardment pressure of 900 psi at a distance of 6 cm for mature embryos.Mature embryos were more sensitive to geneticin G418 than immature embryos,and they had to be grown for longer time before application of the selectant.The optimal selective concentration of G418 for mature embryos is 20-40 mg/L.Under these optimum conditions,the frequency of transformation for mature embryos of wheat was up to 0.3%-0.9%.The transformation system of mature wheat embryos using particle bombardment has been set up preliminarily.
2007, 25(3): 222-225.
Abstract：
The biological properties on tobacco with 35S:BnDREB1-5 transformation were analyzed which included the holding water capacity,the size and density of upper and lower epidermis stomata,the content of chlorophyll,and plasma membranes permeability after physical drought stressed 7 h.The results indicated that water-holding capacity of 35S:BnDREB1-5 transgenic tobacco leaves was 62% of that of wild-types.The upper epidermis stomata apparatus was bigger in transgenic tobacco than wild-type,but the opening of stoma was smaller in upper epidermis than wild-types.The stomata density was 1.5 times in wild-type leaves as large as in transgenic leaves.The content of chlorophyll was 29% higher in leaves of wild-type than in transgenic leaves,and the plasma membranes permeability were 1.4 times as much as in transgenic tobacco.
The biological properties on tobacco with 35S:BnDREB1-5 transformation were analyzed which included the holding water capacity,the size and density of upper and lower epidermis stomata,the content of chlorophyll,and plasma membranes permeability after physical drought stressed 7 h.The results indicated that water-holding capacity of 35S:BnDREB1-5 transgenic tobacco leaves was 62% of that of wild-types.The upper epidermis stomata apparatus was bigger in transgenic tobacco than wild-type,but the opening of stoma was smaller in upper epidermis than wild-types.The stomata density was 1.5 times in wild-type leaves as large as in transgenic leaves.The content of chlorophyll was 29% higher in leaves of wild-type than in transgenic leaves,and the plasma membranes permeability were 1.4 times as much as in transgenic tobacco.
2007, 25(3): 226-234.
Abstract：
AFLP variation of 164 individuals of eight natural populations of Psilopeganum sinense,an endemic and rare plant of Central China,was analyzed to investigate the genetic variation and genetic structure of the species.A moderate low genetic diversity was observed in the species and average variation of populations significantly lower than the variation of species level.A relatively low level of genetic diversity was observed in the species,and the genetic diversity within populations was significantly lower than that within the species.Five AFLP primers produced 180 bands,of which 76 were polymorphic,accouting for 42.2%.The percentage of polymorphic bands of eight natural populations was 3.3%-16.7%,respectively,with an average percentage of 9.4%.The Nei’s gene diversity of eight natural populations was 0.01987-0.06987 and the Shannon’s Information Index was 0.0197-0.0816.Average of Nei’s gene diversity was 0.03420,and average of Shannon’s Information Index was 0.0510.They were all lower than the average of species of the world level,but were higher than the average of the endemic species level.The average of Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s Information Index was 0.03420 and 0.0510 respectively,which were lower than the average of species in the world level but higher than the average of endemic species.In addition,Gst was 0.5069,which indicated that high population differentiation occurred.Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) of 164 individual revealed that 13.17% genetic variation was among the populations of four geographical regions and 50.45% genetic variation among the populations within the four regions;and 36.38% of total variance was distributed within populations.Nm was 0.2432,which implied that the gene flow was not enough to maintain gene exchange and current genetic structure.The result of UPGMA cluster showed that eight natural populations were genetically clustered in two groups,of which one was Yanduhe population and the other included the remaining seven populations.Mantel analysis of NTSYS indicated that genetic divergence was not correlated with geographical distance.At last,we analyzed the cause why P.sinense was endangered,and we concluded two main factors as follows.One was low genetic diversity that maybe due to bottleneck effect,inbreeding depression and the absent of natural selection,the other cause of population decline of P.sinense appeared to be from human disturbance.In correspondent with this,we proposed some effective strategies to conserve the species.
AFLP variation of 164 individuals of eight natural populations of Psilopeganum sinense,an endemic and rare plant of Central China,was analyzed to investigate the genetic variation and genetic structure of the species.A moderate low genetic diversity was observed in the species and average variation of populations significantly lower than the variation of species level.A relatively low level of genetic diversity was observed in the species,and the genetic diversity within populations was significantly lower than that within the species.Five AFLP primers produced 180 bands,of which 76 were polymorphic,accouting for 42.2%.The percentage of polymorphic bands of eight natural populations was 3.3%-16.7%,respectively,with an average percentage of 9.4%.The Nei’s gene diversity of eight natural populations was 0.01987-0.06987 and the Shannon’s Information Index was 0.0197-0.0816.Average of Nei’s gene diversity was 0.03420,and average of Shannon’s Information Index was 0.0510.They were all lower than the average of species of the world level,but were higher than the average of the endemic species level.The average of Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s Information Index was 0.03420 and 0.0510 respectively,which were lower than the average of species in the world level but higher than the average of endemic species.In addition,Gst was 0.5069,which indicated that high population differentiation occurred.Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) of 164 individual revealed that 13.17% genetic variation was among the populations of four geographical regions and 50.45% genetic variation among the populations within the four regions;and 36.38% of total variance was distributed within populations.Nm was 0.2432,which implied that the gene flow was not enough to maintain gene exchange and current genetic structure.The result of UPGMA cluster showed that eight natural populations were genetically clustered in two groups,of which one was Yanduhe population and the other included the remaining seven populations.Mantel analysis of NTSYS indicated that genetic divergence was not correlated with geographical distance.At last,we analyzed the cause why P.sinense was endangered,and we concluded two main factors as follows.One was low genetic diversity that maybe due to bottleneck effect,inbreeding depression and the absent of natural selection,the other cause of population decline of P.sinense appeared to be from human disturbance.In correspondent with this,we proposed some effective strategies to conserve the species.
2007, 25(3): 235-238.
Abstract：
RAPD technique has been used to construct DNA fingerprints and analyze genetic diversity in Flos lonicerae.From eighty primers,twenty-five primers were selected which can amplify clear and reproducible polymorphic bands.The PCR results showed that a total of 170 bands were amplified,of which 153 bands were polymorphic.Interestingly,primer SBSD06 generated distinct fingerprinting patterns that could distinguish each of the five lines.Genetic similarity correlation and the cluster analysis indicated the abundant genetic diversity in five F.lonicerae lines.A dendrogram was constructed based on genetic distances using UPGMA method.The dendogram reflected that five F.lonicerae lines clustered into two groups,and this was in accordance with the result of morphologic taxa.
RAPD technique has been used to construct DNA fingerprints and analyze genetic diversity in Flos lonicerae.From eighty primers,twenty-five primers were selected which can amplify clear and reproducible polymorphic bands.The PCR results showed that a total of 170 bands were amplified,of which 153 bands were polymorphic.Interestingly,primer SBSD06 generated distinct fingerprinting patterns that could distinguish each of the five lines.Genetic similarity correlation and the cluster analysis indicated the abundant genetic diversity in five F.lonicerae lines.A dendrogram was constructed based on genetic distances using UPGMA method.The dendogram reflected that five F.lonicerae lines clustered into two groups,and this was in accordance with the result of morphologic taxa.
2007, 25(3): 239-244.
Abstract：
Triarrhena is a small-sized gunus of Gramineae with only two species,which occurs in eastern Asia,particularly in China,but its taxonomic treatment has been a controversial matter.It was treated as an independent gunus,or a species under Miscauthus or Imperata.This study is to assess the phylogeny of Triarrhena and its related genera in Saccharinae(Gramineae) based on internal transcribed spacer(ITS) and the 5.8s coding region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA.Maximum parsimony(MP) and neighbor-joining(NJ) methods were employed to analyze the data sets with Phragmites australis as outgroup.The phylogenetic trees based on the data set show that the genus Miscauthus(including Triarrhena) formed a monophyletic group.Narenga porphyrocoma was strongly supported to be the sister group of a subclade comprising Miscauthus and Triarrhena.Imperata cylindrica and Saccharum arundinaceum were sister group and formed a subclade,indicating their close affinity.The present authors suggest that Triarrhena should be merged with Miscanthus.The results of phylogenetic analysis also indicate that Saccharum arundinaceum has a closed relationship with Imperata,followed by Narenga and Miscauthus.However it is the most distant to the other species of Saccharum.Since the genera of Saccharum,Narenga and Erianthus are shown to be polyphyletic,further studies on their phylogenetic relationships are still needed.
Triarrhena is a small-sized gunus of Gramineae with only two species,which occurs in eastern Asia,particularly in China,but its taxonomic treatment has been a controversial matter.It was treated as an independent gunus,or a species under Miscauthus or Imperata.This study is to assess the phylogeny of Triarrhena and its related genera in Saccharinae(Gramineae) based on internal transcribed spacer(ITS) and the 5.8s coding region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA.Maximum parsimony(MP) and neighbor-joining(NJ) methods were employed to analyze the data sets with Phragmites australis as outgroup.The phylogenetic trees based on the data set show that the genus Miscauthus(including Triarrhena) formed a monophyletic group.Narenga porphyrocoma was strongly supported to be the sister group of a subclade comprising Miscauthus and Triarrhena.Imperata cylindrica and Saccharum arundinaceum were sister group and formed a subclade,indicating their close affinity.The present authors suggest that Triarrhena should be merged with Miscanthus.The results of phylogenetic analysis also indicate that Saccharum arundinaceum has a closed relationship with Imperata,followed by Narenga and Miscauthus.However it is the most distant to the other species of Saccharum.Since the genera of Saccharum,Narenga and Erianthus are shown to be polyphyletic,further studies on their phylogenetic relationships are still needed.
2007, 25(3): 245-246.
Abstract：
Based on a thorough research on the genus Osmanthus Lour.,2 new synonyms are given in the paper.Osmanthus racemosus X.H.Song is reduced as a synonym of O.marginatus(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl.var.pachyphyllus(H.T.Chang) R.L.Lu in this paper.Also,O.macrocarpus P.Y.Bai,once be reduced as a synonym of O.fragrans(Thunb.) Lour.by M.C.Chang,is transferred to Osmanthus yunnanensis(Franchet) P.S.Green.
Based on a thorough research on the genus Osmanthus Lour.,2 new synonyms are given in the paper.Osmanthus racemosus X.H.Song is reduced as a synonym of O.marginatus(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl.var.pachyphyllus(H.T.Chang) R.L.Lu in this paper.Also,O.macrocarpus P.Y.Bai,once be reduced as a synonym of O.fragrans(Thunb.) Lour.by M.C.Chang,is transferred to Osmanthus yunnanensis(Franchet) P.S.Green.
2007, 25(3): 247-254.
Abstract：
Diversity and floristic characteristics of aquatic seed plants of Henan Province in China are discussed in the paper.There are aquatic seed plants of 30 families,61 genera,125 species,1 subspecies,9 varieties and 2 forms in Henan Province,including emerged plants of 75 species,1 subspecies,5 varieties and 2 forms,floating plants of 33 species and 2 varieties,submerged plants of 17 species and 2 varieties.The pantropic,the north temperate and the old world tropical components are main components,followed by the East Asia and North America disjuncted and the old world temperate components.The proportions of the tropic and the total of all the temperate components are similar.
Diversity and floristic characteristics of aquatic seed plants of Henan Province in China are discussed in the paper.There are aquatic seed plants of 30 families,61 genera,125 species,1 subspecies,9 varieties and 2 forms in Henan Province,including emerged plants of 75 species,1 subspecies,5 varieties and 2 forms,floating plants of 33 species and 2 varieties,submerged plants of 17 species and 2 varieties.The pantropic,the north temperate and the old world tropical components are main components,followed by the East Asia and North America disjuncted and the old world temperate components.The proportions of the tropic and the total of all the temperate components are similar.
2007, 25(3): 255-260.
Abstract：
Based on the field data about Juglans mandshurica population and the theory of survival analysis and spectral analysis,the regulation of size-class and changing density was analyzed,and the static life table,the curves of survival,death,cumulative mortality rate,mortality density,hazard rate and killing valuable are drawn in this paper.At the same time,the population dynamics by spectral analysis were analyzed.The results showed:(1) the average density of J.mandshurica dropped with the increase of size-class,which reflected the negative association between density and size-class;(2) by F test,the curve of survival individuals tended to be the type DeeveyⅡ;(3) the monotony of cumulative mortality rate increases,while that of survival function decreases.The change of increase and decrease is that the beginning is higher than the later.This shows that in the beginning the mortality rate is higher,while at the later stage the population is relatively stable;(4) a regularity of periodic fluctuation in the process of natural regeneration of J.mandshurica population,while the basical regularity of periodic fluctuation was longer.(5) the main endangered cause is the disturbance by man.So it is very urgent to take efficient measures to protect and recover the endangered species.
Based on the field data about Juglans mandshurica population and the theory of survival analysis and spectral analysis,the regulation of size-class and changing density was analyzed,and the static life table,the curves of survival,death,cumulative mortality rate,mortality density,hazard rate and killing valuable are drawn in this paper.At the same time,the population dynamics by spectral analysis were analyzed.The results showed:(1) the average density of J.mandshurica dropped with the increase of size-class,which reflected the negative association between density and size-class;(2) by F test,the curve of survival individuals tended to be the type DeeveyⅡ;(3) the monotony of cumulative mortality rate increases,while that of survival function decreases.The change of increase and decrease is that the beginning is higher than the later.This shows that in the beginning the mortality rate is higher,while at the later stage the population is relatively stable;(4) a regularity of periodic fluctuation in the process of natural regeneration of J.mandshurica population,while the basical regularity of periodic fluctuation was longer.(5) the main endangered cause is the disturbance by man.So it is very urgent to take efficient measures to protect and recover the endangered species.
2007, 25(3): 261-265.
Abstract：
In this paper,crown shape,bifurcation ratios and leaves of Osmanthus fragrans seedlings were examined.The results showed that the architecture of seedlings was modified plastically in response to different light conditions.Because the seedlings that live in gaps get light intermittent,overall bifurcation ratio are significantly lower than that under canopy and full sun.Under full sun,the seedlings had their leaves distributed at the second-order branch with comparatively small length and area which can help seedlings use light fully.While,in gaps,seedlings seemed to have their leaves distributed at the first-order branch with comparatively large length and area to avoid being shaded by canopy.Under canopy,the leaves with small sum are distributed relative uniformly from the first-order branch to the third-order branch,and the height growth of branch is significantly higher than that under full sun.In conclusion,branching patterns of O.fragrans seedlings have unique traits: under strong radiation,O.fragrans seedlings can give rise to short branch and high bifurcation ratio.Under adequate shade condition they can give rise to long branch and low bifurcation ratio.Under intense shade condition they can give rise to comparatively long branch and comparatively high bifurcation ratio for height and horizon growth.
In this paper,crown shape,bifurcation ratios and leaves of Osmanthus fragrans seedlings were examined.The results showed that the architecture of seedlings was modified plastically in response to different light conditions.Because the seedlings that live in gaps get light intermittent,overall bifurcation ratio are significantly lower than that under canopy and full sun.Under full sun,the seedlings had their leaves distributed at the second-order branch with comparatively small length and area which can help seedlings use light fully.While,in gaps,seedlings seemed to have their leaves distributed at the first-order branch with comparatively large length and area to avoid being shaded by canopy.Under canopy,the leaves with small sum are distributed relative uniformly from the first-order branch to the third-order branch,and the height growth of branch is significantly higher than that under full sun.In conclusion,branching patterns of O.fragrans seedlings have unique traits: under strong radiation,O.fragrans seedlings can give rise to short branch and high bifurcation ratio.Under adequate shade condition they can give rise to long branch and low bifurcation ratio.Under intense shade condition they can give rise to comparatively long branch and comparatively high bifurcation ratio for height and horizon growth.
2007, 25(3): 266-269.
Abstract：
Guanidine Thiocyanate method was used to isolate total RNA from the inflorescence tissue and leaves of Platanus aceriflia successfully with regard to high quantity of phenolic compounds in its tissue.The high-quality total RNA was obtained by guanidine thiocyanate that eliminated the interferences of polyphenols and acquired the 28S rRNA,which is approximately two times as light as the 18S rRNA.The isolated RNA was of sufficient quality for cloning partial cDNA of Leafy gene homologous to Leafy in Arabidopsis thaliana according to RT-PCR.The method described here was the basis of Northern blotting and cloning genes from P.aceriflia according to homologous sequence.
Guanidine Thiocyanate method was used to isolate total RNA from the inflorescence tissue and leaves of Platanus aceriflia successfully with regard to high quantity of phenolic compounds in its tissue.The high-quality total RNA was obtained by guanidine thiocyanate that eliminated the interferences of polyphenols and acquired the 28S rRNA,which is approximately two times as light as the 18S rRNA.The isolated RNA was of sufficient quality for cloning partial cDNA of Leafy gene homologous to Leafy in Arabidopsis thaliana according to RT-PCR.The method described here was the basis of Northern blotting and cloning genes from P.aceriflia according to homologous sequence.
2007, 25(3): 270-276.
Abstract：
Twenty cultivars of hybrid rice were chosen in this study,of which including ten cultivars of high quality hybrid rice(‘Ezao 17’,‘Ezao 18’,‘Liangyou 1193’,‘Wuxiang 880’,‘Yueyou 26’,‘Yiyou 99’,‘Xieyou 96’,‘Ewan 12’,‘Ezhong 5’,‘Liangyou 277’) identified by Hubei Province in two years and seven ones of general hybrid rice(‘G98-202’,‘578’,‘Liangyou 637’,‘Yiyou 22’,‘3685’,‘3089’,‘JY 948’),and three kinds of high quality hybrid rice which have passed the national identification(’Jiayu 948’,’Liangyou 932’,’Zhou 903’) as control.Using discontinuous SDS-PAGE,the storage glutelin of rice seeds were separated into a 57 kD precursor,a 37-39 kD acidic subunit and a 22-23 kD basic subunit.Five kinds of hybrid rice ‘3089’,‘Jiayu 948’,‘537’,‘Zhou 903’ and ‘Liangyou 932’ were chosen to analyze the content of the glutelin subunit by HPLC(high performance liquid chromatography).The results showed that the content of the glutelin subunit could be regarded as a standard of distinguishing between high and low quality rice.
Twenty cultivars of hybrid rice were chosen in this study,of which including ten cultivars of high quality hybrid rice(‘Ezao 17’,‘Ezao 18’,‘Liangyou 1193’,‘Wuxiang 880’,‘Yueyou 26’,‘Yiyou 99’,‘Xieyou 96’,‘Ewan 12’,‘Ezhong 5’,‘Liangyou 277’) identified by Hubei Province in two years and seven ones of general hybrid rice(‘G98-202’,‘578’,‘Liangyou 637’,‘Yiyou 22’,‘3685’,‘3089’,‘JY 948’),and three kinds of high quality hybrid rice which have passed the national identification(’Jiayu 948’,’Liangyou 932’,’Zhou 903’) as control.Using discontinuous SDS-PAGE,the storage glutelin of rice seeds were separated into a 57 kD precursor,a 37-39 kD acidic subunit and a 22-23 kD basic subunit.Five kinds of hybrid rice ‘3089’,‘Jiayu 948’,‘537’,‘Zhou 903’ and ‘Liangyou 932’ were chosen to analyze the content of the glutelin subunit by HPLC(high performance liquid chromatography).The results showed that the content of the glutelin subunit could be regarded as a standard of distinguishing between high and low quality rice.
2007, 25(3): 277-281.
Abstract：
Explants derived from shoot apices and mature embryos of elite barley cultivars were assayed for their callus induction and growth on culture media containing various concentrations of mannose as carbon sources.The results showed that a clear inhibiting effect on the leaf elongation and rooting of shoot apices in the concentration of 20 g/L mannose.For mature embryos,callus induction and growth rate were inhibited in the presence of 20 g/L or 25 g/L mannose,whereas 10 g/L or 15g/L treatment could effectively result in a reduction of callus formation and growth up to 50%.These results indicated that 20 g/L and 25 g/L mannose were required for inhibition of the explants derived from shoot apices and mature embryos,respectively,when mannose was used for positive selections of transgenic barley plants.In addition,it is more suitable to select during the initial induction and culture of barley explants.
Explants derived from shoot apices and mature embryos of elite barley cultivars were assayed for their callus induction and growth on culture media containing various concentrations of mannose as carbon sources.The results showed that a clear inhibiting effect on the leaf elongation and rooting of shoot apices in the concentration of 20 g/L mannose.For mature embryos,callus induction and growth rate were inhibited in the presence of 20 g/L or 25 g/L mannose,whereas 10 g/L or 15g/L treatment could effectively result in a reduction of callus formation and growth up to 50%.These results indicated that 20 g/L and 25 g/L mannose were required for inhibition of the explants derived from shoot apices and mature embryos,respectively,when mannose was used for positive selections of transgenic barley plants.In addition,it is more suitable to select during the initial induction and culture of barley explants.
2007, 25(3): 282-288.
Abstract：
Pectate and pectin lyases are a class of polysaccharide lyases produced by a diverse group of organisms including bacteria,fungi,plant and nematodes.Various pectate lyases and pectin lyases are divided into five families.By NCBI BLASTX server,tomato P56 amino-acid sequence was compared with other pectate and pectin lyases belonging to polysaccharide lyase family Ⅰ28 proteins,with higher identity of amino acid sequence compared to P56 amino-acid sequence,were obtained.On the base of the constructing phylogenetic tree using PAUP 4.0,MP(phylogenetic trees) and NJ(neighbor-joining) trees of diverse pectate and pectin lyases showed that pectate lyases from plant,pectin lyases from fungi and pectate lyases from bateria belong to different groups,respectively.The pectate lyase A of Aspergillus nidulans is more closely related to plant pectate lyases than to pectin lyase from fungi and pectate lyases from bacteria.The pectin lyase from Pseudomonas syringae is more closely related to fungi pectin lyases than other lyases.
Pectate and pectin lyases are a class of polysaccharide lyases produced by a diverse group of organisms including bacteria,fungi,plant and nematodes.Various pectate lyases and pectin lyases are divided into five families.By NCBI BLASTX server,tomato P56 amino-acid sequence was compared with other pectate and pectin lyases belonging to polysaccharide lyase family Ⅰ28 proteins,with higher identity of amino acid sequence compared to P56 amino-acid sequence,were obtained.On the base of the constructing phylogenetic tree using PAUP 4.0,MP(phylogenetic trees) and NJ(neighbor-joining) trees of diverse pectate and pectin lyases showed that pectate lyases from plant,pectin lyases from fungi and pectate lyases from bateria belong to different groups,respectively.The pectate lyase A of Aspergillus nidulans is more closely related to plant pectate lyases than to pectin lyase from fungi and pectate lyases from bacteria.The pectin lyase from Pseudomonas syringae is more closely related to fungi pectin lyases than other lyases.
2007, 25(3): 289-293.
Abstract：
The characterization of diversity in germplasm collection is important to plant breeders to utilize and to the genebank curators to manage the collection efficiently.The available large variability contained in germplasm accessions has not been adequately utilized in the peanut improvement programs which is mainly due to lack of information on important agronomic and economic traits,which require extensive evaluation.The development of core collection could facilitate easier access to peanut genetic resources,enhance their use in crop improvement programs,and simplify the genebank management.This paper describes the development of a core collection from 6390 accessions of peanut descriptor traits available from China genebank.The germplasm accessions were stratified by botanical types and then grouped by ecological origin within each of botanical varieties.Data on 15 morphological and seed chemical traits were used for clustering by SAS method.From each cluster,5 percent to 10 percent accessions were either randomly or compulsorily selected to constitute a core collection consisting of 576 accessions.The accessions widely grown in production or extensively used in breeding programs must be included in the core collection.The rest of the accessions included were randomly selected.Comparisons using mean,range,standard deviation,coefficient of variation and diversity index on different descriptors indicated that the genetic variation available for these traits in the entire collection has been preserved in the core collection.This core collection provides an effective mechanism for the proper exploitation of peanut germplasm resources for the genetic improvement of this crop.
The characterization of diversity in germplasm collection is important to plant breeders to utilize and to the genebank curators to manage the collection efficiently.The available large variability contained in germplasm accessions has not been adequately utilized in the peanut improvement programs which is mainly due to lack of information on important agronomic and economic traits,which require extensive evaluation.The development of core collection could facilitate easier access to peanut genetic resources,enhance their use in crop improvement programs,and simplify the genebank management.This paper describes the development of a core collection from 6390 accessions of peanut descriptor traits available from China genebank.The germplasm accessions were stratified by botanical types and then grouped by ecological origin within each of botanical varieties.Data on 15 morphological and seed chemical traits were used for clustering by SAS method.From each cluster,5 percent to 10 percent accessions were either randomly or compulsorily selected to constitute a core collection consisting of 576 accessions.The accessions widely grown in production or extensively used in breeding programs must be included in the core collection.The rest of the accessions included were randomly selected.Comparisons using mean,range,standard deviation,coefficient of variation and diversity index on different descriptors indicated that the genetic variation available for these traits in the entire collection has been preserved in the core collection.This core collection provides an effective mechanism for the proper exploitation of peanut germplasm resources for the genetic improvement of this crop.
2007, 25(3): 303-309.
Abstract：
Our survey of the flora of Yinggeling Nature Reserve revealed 79 species of rare and endangered plants in 47 families and 71 genera,including 6 fern species,9 gymnosperm species and 69 angiosperm species.Among them,four species are under Class I National Protection including Cycas hainanensis,Hopea hainanensis,Cycas taiwaniana,Bretschneidera sinensis,14 species are under Class Ⅱ Protection base the National Protection List gazetted in 1999.18 species are proposed to be included into national protection list,and 20 species in provincial level,in which 30 species are endemic to Hainan.The threatened species are mainly caused by decrease of coverage of primary forests and over-exploitation.Recommendations on conservations of these rare and endangered species are made,and 6 sites with particular plant conservation importance are suggested for priority protection.
Our survey of the flora of Yinggeling Nature Reserve revealed 79 species of rare and endangered plants in 47 families and 71 genera,including 6 fern species,9 gymnosperm species and 69 angiosperm species.Among them,four species are under Class I National Protection including Cycas hainanensis,Hopea hainanensis,Cycas taiwaniana,Bretschneidera sinensis,14 species are under Class Ⅱ Protection base the National Protection List gazetted in 1999.18 species are proposed to be included into national protection list,and 20 species in provincial level,in which 30 species are endemic to Hainan.The threatened species are mainly caused by decrease of coverage of primary forests and over-exploitation.Recommendations on conservations of these rare and endangered species are made,and 6 sites with particular plant conservation importance are suggested for priority protection.
2007, 25(3): 310-312.
Abstract：
A method of extracting total RNA from Grimmia pilifera P.Beauv of moss was introducted.The fresh Grimmia pilifera was used as the main materials.The improved SDS method was implied,and the reagent of RNA precipitation was LiCl.The total RNA were successfully isolated from this plant.At the same time,the method was compared with others,it could be find that the total RNA of G.pilifera extracted by the method had clear bands,good completeness,high purity and less DNA contamination.The total RNA is suitable for Reverse Transcription,RT-PCR.
A method of extracting total RNA from Grimmia pilifera P.Beauv of moss was introducted.The fresh Grimmia pilifera was used as the main materials.The improved SDS method was implied,and the reagent of RNA precipitation was LiCl.The total RNA were successfully isolated from this plant.At the same time,the method was compared with others,it could be find that the total RNA of G.pilifera extracted by the method had clear bands,good completeness,high purity and less DNA contamination.The total RNA is suitable for Reverse Transcription,RT-PCR.
2007, 25(3): 313-315.
Abstract：
Maxie is a newly inbreeded cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) systems in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Our experiments showed that there existed an extra copy of cox2 gene in the CMS line except for the normal one.The two copies transcribed into different transcripts.In-gel activity assay showed that the mitochondria complex IV presented significant reduction in activity compared with the fertile line.
Maxie is a newly inbreeded cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) systems in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Our experiments showed that there existed an extra copy of cox2 gene in the CMS line except for the normal one.The two copies transcribed into different transcripts.In-gel activity assay showed that the mitochondria complex IV presented significant reduction in activity compared with the fertile line.
2007, 25(3): 316-319.
Abstract：
Transpiration characteristics of Vitex negundo at different geomorphological positions(depression,slope,saddle) at Guilin Karst Experimental Site were studied.The results showed that there were differences in daily variation of transpiration rate of V.negundo growing in different geomorphological positions.The transpiration rate at saddle displayed one-peak pattern,which reached peak value at about 12∶30,and did not appear obvious noon depression phenomena.Although the transpiration rates at depression and slope displayed two-peak pattern,it was truly attributed to noon depression phenomena at slope,while at depression,it was related to the instantaneous decreasing of light intensity.The average daily transpiration rates were in sequence as saddle>depression>slope.The differences in transpiration rate of V.negundo among different geomorphological positions related to the differences in hydrothermal conditions,the thickness of soil layer,and the time length of accepting sunlight.Stepwise regression analysis and best subsets regression analysis between transpiration rate of V.negundo and its influence factors were made,and the results indicated that the dominant factors to affect transpiration rate of V.negundo were stomatal conductance,air relative humidity and leaf temperature.The influence of stomatal conductance was the greatest,and the influencing extent varied with the geomorphological positions.
Transpiration characteristics of Vitex negundo at different geomorphological positions(depression,slope,saddle) at Guilin Karst Experimental Site were studied.The results showed that there were differences in daily variation of transpiration rate of V.negundo growing in different geomorphological positions.The transpiration rate at saddle displayed one-peak pattern,which reached peak value at about 12∶30,and did not appear obvious noon depression phenomena.Although the transpiration rates at depression and slope displayed two-peak pattern,it was truly attributed to noon depression phenomena at slope,while at depression,it was related to the instantaneous decreasing of light intensity.The average daily transpiration rates were in sequence as saddle>depression>slope.The differences in transpiration rate of V.negundo among different geomorphological positions related to the differences in hydrothermal conditions,the thickness of soil layer,and the time length of accepting sunlight.Stepwise regression analysis and best subsets regression analysis between transpiration rate of V.negundo and its influence factors were made,and the results indicated that the dominant factors to affect transpiration rate of V.negundo were stomatal conductance,air relative humidity and leaf temperature.The influence of stomatal conductance was the greatest,and the influencing extent varied with the geomorphological positions.
2007, 25(3): 394-397.
Abstract：
Effects of killing snails of the Pachysandra terminalis powder and the extraction(PT-Ⅰ) were studied by the open immersion method,and their toxicities to fish were studied too.The snail mortality was 93.4% for 72 h immersion,and 100.0% after 120 h immersion,with 17.5 mg/L P.terminalis powder.LC50 of the P.terminalis powder to the snail for 24,72,120 and 168 h were 42.28,7.20,4.20,3.17 mg/L.The fish mortality was zero at the concentration of 75.0 mg/L for 168 h.After immersion for 1,2,18,42 h with 35.0,17.5,8.75 and 4.38 mg/L P.terminalis,the upward-climbing inhibition rate of the snail were 100.0%.The snail mortality were 36.7%,73.3%,96.7%,96.7% and 100.0% when they were immersed in the solution of 1.40 mg/L PT-Ⅰ for 24,48,72,96 and 120 h,respectively.The results suggested that P.terminalis have good effect of killing snail and high climbing-upward inhibition rate and it has lower toxicity to fish.Thus it could be a potential plant molluscicides.
Effects of killing snails of the Pachysandra terminalis powder and the extraction(PT-Ⅰ) were studied by the open immersion method,and their toxicities to fish were studied too.The snail mortality was 93.4% for 72 h immersion,and 100.0% after 120 h immersion,with 17.5 mg/L P.terminalis powder.LC50 of the P.terminalis powder to the snail for 24,72,120 and 168 h were 42.28,7.20,4.20,3.17 mg/L.The fish mortality was zero at the concentration of 75.0 mg/L for 168 h.After immersion for 1,2,18,42 h with 35.0,17.5,8.75 and 4.38 mg/L P.terminalis,the upward-climbing inhibition rate of the snail were 100.0%.The snail mortality were 36.7%,73.3%,96.7%,96.7% and 100.0% when they were immersed in the solution of 1.40 mg/L PT-Ⅰ for 24,48,72,96 and 120 h,respectively.The results suggested that P.terminalis have good effect of killing snail and high climbing-upward inhibition rate and it has lower toxicity to fish.Thus it could be a potential plant molluscicides.
2007, 25(3): 398-302.
Abstract：
Dahong Mountain is situated in North Central Hubei Province.Based on fieldwork,records of specimen center and other related information,the number of seed plants in the flora consists of 139 families,644 genera and 1520 species(including subspecies and changed species),including 1137 species of economic paints that are under 529 genera of 132 families.According to their economic utility,We analysis these 12 types,wild ornamental plant,energy plant,medicinal plant,grease plant,nectar source plant,fiber plant,starch and suger plant,aromatic plant,tannic plant,forage plant,agrochemical plant,resin plant.Some representative and highly economic-valued plant are described by plant types.Characteristic of wild plant resources and existing is analyzed.Suggestions to protect and rationally develop this wild plant resource are proposed.
Dahong Mountain is situated in North Central Hubei Province.Based on fieldwork,records of specimen center and other related information,the number of seed plants in the flora consists of 139 families,644 genera and 1520 species(including subspecies and changed species),including 1137 species of economic paints that are under 529 genera of 132 families.According to their economic utility,We analysis these 12 types,wild ornamental plant,energy plant,medicinal plant,grease plant,nectar source plant,fiber plant,starch and suger plant,aromatic plant,tannic plant,forage plant,agrochemical plant,resin plant.Some representative and highly economic-valued plant are described by plant types.Characteristic of wild plant resources and existing is analyzed.Suggestions to protect and rationally develop this wild plant resource are proposed.
