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1
2019, 37(1): 63-69.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2019.10063
Abstract：
We explored the physiological mechanism of Oryza sativa L. seedlings to resist low temperature stress and different physiological mechanisms of cold tolerance between indica O. sativa and japonica O. sativa. Two indica varieties (O. sativa L. subsp. indica Kato) and two japonica varieties (O. sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato) were used as materials. We compared the changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activities, antioxidant contents, and osmotic adjustment substances in O. sativa seedlings after low temperature stress and normal temperature recovery. Results showed that the content of H2O2 in the four varieties increased significantly after low temperature stress. The activities of the five enzymes in the antioxidant enzyme system increased to varying degrees; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly, whereas that of glutathione reductase (GR) did not. Glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) were significantly increased in ‘Minghui 86’. The content of the osmotic adjustment substance proline was not significantly changed in ‘Qianhui 1385’ or ‘Nipponbare’, and the soluble sugar content was not significantly changed in ‘Minghui 86’. After 7 d of recovery, the above physiological indices of the four varieties were restored to pre-treatment levels to varying degrees. Results showed that antioxidant enzyme activity effectively reduced the level of ROS and alleviated the damage caused by cold stress to the cell membrane. During low temperature stress, the cells maintained high osmotic adjustment substances, increased intracellular water potential, and reduced damage caused by plant water loss. Therefore, the timely response of various cold-tolerant physiological substances in the cells and the synergistic and efficient operation of the antioxidant system are important physiological indicators for measuring the cold tolerance of O. sativa.
We explored the physiological mechanism of Oryza sativa L. seedlings to resist low temperature stress and different physiological mechanisms of cold tolerance between indica O. sativa and japonica O. sativa. Two indica varieties (O. sativa L. subsp. indica Kato) and two japonica varieties (O. sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato) were used as materials. We compared the changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activities, antioxidant contents, and osmotic adjustment substances in O. sativa seedlings after low temperature stress and normal temperature recovery. Results showed that the content of H2O2 in the four varieties increased significantly after low temperature stress. The activities of the five enzymes in the antioxidant enzyme system increased to varying degrees; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly, whereas that of glutathione reductase (GR) did not. Glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) were significantly increased in ‘Minghui 86’. The content of the osmotic adjustment substance proline was not significantly changed in ‘Qianhui 1385’ or ‘Nipponbare’, and the soluble sugar content was not significantly changed in ‘Minghui 86’. After 7 d of recovery, the above physiological indices of the four varieties were restored to pre-treatment levels to varying degrees. Results showed that antioxidant enzyme activity effectively reduced the level of ROS and alleviated the damage caused by cold stress to the cell membrane. During low temperature stress, the cells maintained high osmotic adjustment substances, increased intracellular water potential, and reduced damage caused by plant water loss. Therefore, the timely response of various cold-tolerant physiological substances in the cells and the synergistic and efficient operation of the antioxidant system are important physiological indicators for measuring the cold tolerance of O. sativa.
2
2018, 36(2): 273-281.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.20273
Abstract：
Orthogonal experimental methods were used to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth and physiological characteristics of Horsfieldia hainanensis Merr. seedlings. Results showed that the growth indexes of the seedlings differed under different fertilization treatments, with plant height, ground diameter, biomass, and root indices of the non-fertilizer group found to be lower than those of the fertilizer treatment groups. There were significant differences in the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and chlorophyll content in the leaves among fertilization treatments. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration (Pn, Gs, Tr, and Ci, respectively) were all higher than those in the non-fertilizer group, indicating that photosynthetic performance of the seedlings was improved. After comprehensive evaluation using membership functions, the optimum treatment group was determined to be T6, N2P2K2 (N 3.80 g/individual, P 0.48 g/individual, K 1.46 g/individual).
Orthogonal experimental methods were used to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth and physiological characteristics of Horsfieldia hainanensis Merr. seedlings. Results showed that the growth indexes of the seedlings differed under different fertilization treatments, with plant height, ground diameter, biomass, and root indices of the non-fertilizer group found to be lower than those of the fertilizer treatment groups. There were significant differences in the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and chlorophyll content in the leaves among fertilization treatments. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration (Pn, Gs, Tr, and Ci, respectively) were all higher than those in the non-fertilizer group, indicating that photosynthetic performance of the seedlings was improved. After comprehensive evaluation using membership functions, the optimum treatment group was determined to be T6, N2P2K2 (N 3.80 g/individual, P 0.48 g/individual, K 1.46 g/individual).
3
2019, 37(3): 337-347.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2019.30337
Abstract：
The endangered relict plant Tetraena mongolica Maxim was studied, with the MaxEnt and Bioclim models used to predict potentially suitable regions. We used the knife-cutting method and environmental variable response curves to evaluate the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of T. mongolica. Furthermore, we used the ArcGIS natural discontinuity method to divide fitness levels. Results showed that T. mongolica was mainly distributed in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tibet Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, and the Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces in China, with a total area of 1.49×106 km2. Highly suitable zones were found in the Maowusu Sandy Land of Wuhai city, the Tengger Desert in the Alxa Left Banner, the southeastern part of Yinshan Mountain, and mountains in the Helan range. The potential distribution area of T. mongolica will be reduced to north of Inner Mongolia and western Northeast China by 2050. The Area Under Curve (AUC) average values of the two models were all above 0.8, justifying their application for predicting potential areas of T. mongolica. Among the 19 environmental variables, the main factors affecting the potential distribution of T. mongolica were average precipitation of the coldest quarter and temperature annual range, followed by the coefficient of variation of precipitation seasonality and standard deviation (SD) of temperature seasonality.
The endangered relict plant Tetraena mongolica Maxim was studied, with the MaxEnt and Bioclim models used to predict potentially suitable regions. We used the knife-cutting method and environmental variable response curves to evaluate the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of T. mongolica. Furthermore, we used the ArcGIS natural discontinuity method to divide fitness levels. Results showed that T. mongolica was mainly distributed in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tibet Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, and the Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces in China, with a total area of 1.49×106 km2. Highly suitable zones were found in the Maowusu Sandy Land of Wuhai city, the Tengger Desert in the Alxa Left Banner, the southeastern part of Yinshan Mountain, and mountains in the Helan range. The potential distribution area of T. mongolica will be reduced to north of Inner Mongolia and western Northeast China by 2050. The Area Under Curve (AUC) average values of the two models were all above 0.8, justifying their application for predicting potential areas of T. mongolica. Among the 19 environmental variables, the main factors affecting the potential distribution of T. mongolica were average precipitation of the coldest quarter and temperature annual range, followed by the coefficient of variation of precipitation seasonality and standard deviation (SD) of temperature seasonality.
4
2018, 36(5): 736-744.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.50736
Abstract：
Changes in the morphology, biomass, and physiology of Ardisia crenata seedlings were studied under different light environments (100%, 52%, 33%, 15%, and 6% relative light intensities). Results showed that the biomass of individual A. crenata seedlings was significantly higher under 52% light treatment than that under other treatments. The proportion of biomass allocated to leaves under 15%-52% light treatment was also higher than that under 100% and 6% light treatment. The root shoot ratio was not affected by light intensity, indicating that the structural plasticity of A. crenata was relatively low. The concentrations of nitrate increased with the decrease in light intensity and increased significantly under 6% light treatment. The change in nitrate reductase activity with light intensity was consistent with the change in nitrate content. Furthermore, the A. crenata seedlings adapted to different light environments by changing the leaf area and specific leaf area and by regulating the photosynthetic pigment. Analysis of chloroplast ultrastructure also showed that chloroplast number and cellular structure under 15%-52% light treatment were intact. However, under 100% and 6% light treatment, the number of the chloroplasts decreased significantly, the cellular structure was damaged, and plasmolysis occurred. Therefore, the most suitable growth conditions for A. crenata seedlings were under 15%-52% relative light intensities, though the best growth was achieved under 33%-52% relative light treatment.
Changes in the morphology, biomass, and physiology of Ardisia crenata seedlings were studied under different light environments (100%, 52%, 33%, 15%, and 6% relative light intensities). Results showed that the biomass of individual A. crenata seedlings was significantly higher under 52% light treatment than that under other treatments. The proportion of biomass allocated to leaves under 15%-52% light treatment was also higher than that under 100% and 6% light treatment. The root shoot ratio was not affected by light intensity, indicating that the structural plasticity of A. crenata was relatively low. The concentrations of nitrate increased with the decrease in light intensity and increased significantly under 6% light treatment. The change in nitrate reductase activity with light intensity was consistent with the change in nitrate content. Furthermore, the A. crenata seedlings adapted to different light environments by changing the leaf area and specific leaf area and by regulating the photosynthetic pigment. Analysis of chloroplast ultrastructure also showed that chloroplast number and cellular structure under 15%-52% light treatment were intact. However, under 100% and 6% light treatment, the number of the chloroplasts decreased significantly, the cellular structure was damaged, and plasmolysis occurred. Therefore, the most suitable growth conditions for A. crenata seedlings were under 15%-52% relative light intensities, though the best growth was achieved under 33%-52% relative light treatment.
5
2018, 36(5): 745-754.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.50745
Abstract：
We applied a L16(45) orthogonal experimental design to determine and compare the biomass, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and photosynthetic characteristics of Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nichols seedlings under different combinations of rooting powder (GGR), indole acetic acid (IAA), and paclobutrazol (PP333). The effects of the different combinations of plant exogenous hormones (GGR, IAA, and PP333) on the growth and photosynthesis of T. chrysantha seedlings were used to derive the optimal concentration combination. Results showed that fresh weight and dry weight were highest under Treatment 11 (GGR 400 mg/L, IAA 400 mg/L, PP333 400 mg/L) compared with the other treatments. Among the three plant exogenous hormones, GGR played a leading role in the increase in fresh and dry weights, whereas IAA and PP333 did not have a significant effect. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of seedlings were also highest under Treatment 11, whereas intracellular carbon dioxide concentration was lowest. Results also showed that IAA played a leading role in the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, potential activity of photosynthesis system, maximum light energy conversion efficiency, and chlorophyll content of T. chrysantha seedlings, whereas the effects of GGR and PP333 were not obvious. Comprehensive analysis further showed that the appropriate concentration combination of different exogenous hormones was that of Treatment 11, under which the quality of T. chrysantha seedlings was optimal.
We applied a L16(45) orthogonal experimental design to determine and compare the biomass, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and photosynthetic characteristics of Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nichols seedlings under different combinations of rooting powder (GGR), indole acetic acid (IAA), and paclobutrazol (PP333). The effects of the different combinations of plant exogenous hormones (GGR, IAA, and PP333) on the growth and photosynthesis of T. chrysantha seedlings were used to derive the optimal concentration combination. Results showed that fresh weight and dry weight were highest under Treatment 11 (GGR 400 mg/L, IAA 400 mg/L, PP333 400 mg/L) compared with the other treatments. Among the three plant exogenous hormones, GGR played a leading role in the increase in fresh and dry weights, whereas IAA and PP333 did not have a significant effect. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of seedlings were also highest under Treatment 11, whereas intracellular carbon dioxide concentration was lowest. Results also showed that IAA played a leading role in the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, potential activity of photosynthesis system, maximum light energy conversion efficiency, and chlorophyll content of T. chrysantha seedlings, whereas the effects of GGR and PP333 were not obvious. Comprehensive analysis further showed that the appropriate concentration combination of different exogenous hormones was that of Treatment 11, under which the quality of T. chrysantha seedlings was optimal.
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