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The karyotype analysis based on mitotic cells in rice, Oryza sativa L.(2n=24), was conducted. Root tips were treated with KCl and enzyme and stained with Giemsa. Twelve pairs of chromosomes are arranged according to the length. The karyotype of rice analysed in this work is n =5m+6sm+1st and 2 pairs of satellite chromosomes were observed in numerous cells.
Plant leaves represent an important interface between a plant and the surrounding environment, and their functional traits are influenced by the external environment and phylogeny. Elucidating variations in leaf functional traits in different environments is crucial to understand plant adaptation. In this paper, the types and functional significance of the functional traits of leaves are summarized. Related studies on the two main factors affecting the functional traits of leaves (environmental factors and phylogenetic history), as well as involvement in plant adaptation, are also discussed. Finally, we propose prospective research directions based on the current situation and future tendency of leaf functional trait studies.
Many RNA molecules require proteins and other nucleic acids to assist in RNA metabolism. RNA helicases are such proteins, and participate in nearly all aspects of RNA metabolism, including transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, ribosome biogenesis, transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm, protein translation, nonsense-mediated decay, and organelle-specific RNA metabolism, in an ATP-dependent manner. The DEAD-box protein family of RNA helicases belong to superfamily Ⅱ. They have nine conserved motifs, and are named for the conserved amino acid sequence Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp(D-E-A-D) in motif Ⅱ. DEAD-box families consist of abundant members in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana, and humans. Recently, the functions of some DEAD-box proteins were revealed in Arabidopsis. This review focuses on the functions of DEAD-box proteins on the growth and development of A. thaliana.
The transformation of plants from vegetative to reproductive growth is the key to flowering and development.Flowering at the right time is important for plant growth and inheritance.Control of flowering time also plays a crucial role in the development of agricultural production.Plant flowering molecular regulation is a complex synergistic regulation of endogenous and exogenous factors.In recent years,research on flowering control of different plants,especially Arabidopsis thaliana(L.) Heynh.,has made remarkable progress.The mechanism of flowering control mainly involves six major pathways,including the photoperiodic,vernalization,autonomous,temperature,gibberellin,and age pathways.A variety of genetic control channels that are independent and interrelated form a complex flowering network.Here we focused on the latest research progress on the functions of newly identified genes underlying plant flowering.This paper could help to further understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in plants.
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