Top Cited
1
2019, 37(1): 63-69.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2019.10063
Abstract:
We explored the physiological mechanism of Oryza sativa L. seedlings to resist low temperature stress and different physiological mechanisms of cold tolerance between indica O. sativa and japonica O. sativa. Two indica varieties (O. sativa L. subsp. indica Kato) and two japonica varieties (O. sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato) were used as materials. We compared the changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activities, antioxidant contents, and osmotic adjustment substances in O. sativa seedlings after low temperature stress and normal temperature recovery. Results showed that the content of H2O2 in the four varieties increased significantly after low temperature stress. The activities of the five enzymes in the antioxidant enzyme system increased to varying degrees; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly, whereas that of glutathione reductase (GR) did not. Glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) were significantly increased in ‘Minghui 86’. The content of the osmotic adjustment substance proline was not significantly changed in ‘Qianhui 1385’ or ‘Nipponbare’, and the soluble sugar content was not significantly changed in ‘Minghui 86’. After 7 d of recovery, the above physiological indices of the four varieties were restored to pre-treatment levels to varying degrees. Results showed that antioxidant enzyme activity effectively reduced the level of ROS and alleviated the damage caused by cold stress to the cell membrane. During low temperature stress, the cells maintained high osmotic adjustment substances, increased intracellular water potential, and reduced damage caused by plant water loss. Therefore, the timely response of various cold-tolerant physiological substances in the cells and the synergistic and efficient operation of the antioxidant system are important physiological indicators for measuring the cold tolerance of O. sativa.
We explored the physiological mechanism of Oryza sativa L. seedlings to resist low temperature stress and different physiological mechanisms of cold tolerance between indica O. sativa and japonica O. sativa. Two indica varieties (O. sativa L. subsp. indica Kato) and two japonica varieties (O. sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato) were used as materials. We compared the changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activities, antioxidant contents, and osmotic adjustment substances in O. sativa seedlings after low temperature stress and normal temperature recovery. Results showed that the content of H2O2 in the four varieties increased significantly after low temperature stress. The activities of the five enzymes in the antioxidant enzyme system increased to varying degrees; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly, whereas that of glutathione reductase (GR) did not. Glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) were significantly increased in ‘Minghui 86’. The content of the osmotic adjustment substance proline was not significantly changed in ‘Qianhui 1385’ or ‘Nipponbare’, and the soluble sugar content was not significantly changed in ‘Minghui 86’. After 7 d of recovery, the above physiological indices of the four varieties were restored to pre-treatment levels to varying degrees. Results showed that antioxidant enzyme activity effectively reduced the level of ROS and alleviated the damage caused by cold stress to the cell membrane. During low temperature stress, the cells maintained high osmotic adjustment substances, increased intracellular water potential, and reduced damage caused by plant water loss. Therefore, the timely response of various cold-tolerant physiological substances in the cells and the synergistic and efficient operation of the antioxidant system are important physiological indicators for measuring the cold tolerance of O. sativa.
2
2018, 36(2): 273-281.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.20273
Abstract:
Orthogonal experimental methods were used to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth and physiological characteristics of Horsfieldia hainanensis Merr. seedlings. Results showed that the growth indexes of the seedlings differed under different fertilization treatments, with plant height, ground diameter, biomass, and root indices of the non-fertilizer group found to be lower than those of the fertilizer treatment groups. There were significant differences in the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and chlorophyll content in the leaves among fertilization treatments. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration (Pn, Gs, Tr, and Ci, respectively) were all higher than those in the non-fertilizer group, indicating that photosynthetic performance of the seedlings was improved. After comprehensive evaluation using membership functions, the optimum treatment group was determined to be T6, N2P2K2 (N 3.80 g/individual, P 0.48 g/individual, K 1.46 g/individual).
Orthogonal experimental methods were used to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth and physiological characteristics of Horsfieldia hainanensis Merr. seedlings. Results showed that the growth indexes of the seedlings differed under different fertilization treatments, with plant height, ground diameter, biomass, and root indices of the non-fertilizer group found to be lower than those of the fertilizer treatment groups. There were significant differences in the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and chlorophyll content in the leaves among fertilization treatments. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration (Pn, Gs, Tr, and Ci, respectively) were all higher than those in the non-fertilizer group, indicating that photosynthetic performance of the seedlings was improved. After comprehensive evaluation using membership functions, the optimum treatment group was determined to be T6, N2P2K2 (N 3.80 g/individual, P 0.48 g/individual, K 1.46 g/individual).
3
2019, 37(3): 337-347.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2019.30337
Abstract:
The endangered relict plant Tetraena mongolica Maxim was studied, with the MaxEnt and Bioclim models used to predict potentially suitable regions. We used the knife-cutting method and environmental variable response curves to evaluate the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of T. mongolica. Furthermore, we used the ArcGIS natural discontinuity method to divide fitness levels. Results showed that T. mongolica was mainly distributed in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tibet Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, and the Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces in China, with a total area of 1.49×106 km2. Highly suitable zones were found in the Maowusu Sandy Land of Wuhai city, the Tengger Desert in the Alxa Left Banner, the southeastern part of Yinshan Mountain, and mountains in the Helan range. The potential distribution area of T. mongolica will be reduced to north of Inner Mongolia and western Northeast China by 2050. The Area Under Curve (AUC) average values of the two models were all above 0.8, justifying their application for predicting potential areas of T. mongolica. Among the 19 environmental variables, the main factors affecting the potential distribution of T. mongolica were average precipitation of the coldest quarter and temperature annual range, followed by the coefficient of variation of precipitation seasonality and standard deviation (SD) of temperature seasonality.
The endangered relict plant Tetraena mongolica Maxim was studied, with the MaxEnt and Bioclim models used to predict potentially suitable regions. We used the knife-cutting method and environmental variable response curves to evaluate the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of T. mongolica. Furthermore, we used the ArcGIS natural discontinuity method to divide fitness levels. Results showed that T. mongolica was mainly distributed in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tibet Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, and the Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces in China, with a total area of 1.49×106 km2. Highly suitable zones were found in the Maowusu Sandy Land of Wuhai city, the Tengger Desert in the Alxa Left Banner, the southeastern part of Yinshan Mountain, and mountains in the Helan range. The potential distribution area of T. mongolica will be reduced to north of Inner Mongolia and western Northeast China by 2050. The Area Under Curve (AUC) average values of the two models were all above 0.8, justifying their application for predicting potential areas of T. mongolica. Among the 19 environmental variables, the main factors affecting the potential distribution of T. mongolica were average precipitation of the coldest quarter and temperature annual range, followed by the coefficient of variation of precipitation seasonality and standard deviation (SD) of temperature seasonality.
4
2018, 36(5): 736-744.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.50736
Abstract:
Changes in the morphology, biomass, and physiology of Ardisia crenata seedlings were studied under different light environments (100%, 52%, 33%, 15%, and 6% relative light intensities). Results showed that the biomass of individual A. crenata seedlings was significantly higher under 52% light treatment than that under other treatments. The proportion of biomass allocated to leaves under 15%-52% light treatment was also higher than that under 100% and 6% light treatment. The root shoot ratio was not affected by light intensity, indicating that the structural plasticity of A. crenata was relatively low. The concentrations of nitrate increased with the decrease in light intensity and increased significantly under 6% light treatment. The change in nitrate reductase activity with light intensity was consistent with the change in nitrate content. Furthermore, the A. crenata seedlings adapted to different light environments by changing the leaf area and specific leaf area and by regulating the photosynthetic pigment. Analysis of chloroplast ultrastructure also showed that chloroplast number and cellular structure under 15%-52% light treatment were intact. However, under 100% and 6% light treatment, the number of the chloroplasts decreased significantly, the cellular structure was damaged, and plasmolysis occurred. Therefore, the most suitable growth conditions for A. crenata seedlings were under 15%-52% relative light intensities, though the best growth was achieved under 33%-52% relative light treatment.
Changes in the morphology, biomass, and physiology of Ardisia crenata seedlings were studied under different light environments (100%, 52%, 33%, 15%, and 6% relative light intensities). Results showed that the biomass of individual A. crenata seedlings was significantly higher under 52% light treatment than that under other treatments. The proportion of biomass allocated to leaves under 15%-52% light treatment was also higher than that under 100% and 6% light treatment. The root shoot ratio was not affected by light intensity, indicating that the structural plasticity of A. crenata was relatively low. The concentrations of nitrate increased with the decrease in light intensity and increased significantly under 6% light treatment. The change in nitrate reductase activity with light intensity was consistent with the change in nitrate content. Furthermore, the A. crenata seedlings adapted to different light environments by changing the leaf area and specific leaf area and by regulating the photosynthetic pigment. Analysis of chloroplast ultrastructure also showed that chloroplast number and cellular structure under 15%-52% light treatment were intact. However, under 100% and 6% light treatment, the number of the chloroplasts decreased significantly, the cellular structure was damaged, and plasmolysis occurred. Therefore, the most suitable growth conditions for A. crenata seedlings were under 15%-52% relative light intensities, though the best growth was achieved under 33%-52% relative light treatment.
5
2018, 36(5): 745-754.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.50745
Abstract:
We applied a L16(45) orthogonal experimental design to determine and compare the biomass, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and photosynthetic characteristics of Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nichols seedlings under different combinations of rooting powder (GGR), indole acetic acid (IAA), and paclobutrazol (PP333). The effects of the different combinations of plant exogenous hormones (GGR, IAA, and PP333) on the growth and photosynthesis of T. chrysantha seedlings were used to derive the optimal concentration combination. Results showed that fresh weight and dry weight were highest under Treatment 11 (GGR 400 mg/L, IAA 400 mg/L, PP333 400 mg/L) compared with the other treatments. Among the three plant exogenous hormones, GGR played a leading role in the increase in fresh and dry weights, whereas IAA and PP333 did not have a significant effect. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of seedlings were also highest under Treatment 11, whereas intracellular carbon dioxide concentration was lowest. Results also showed that IAA played a leading role in the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, potential activity of photosynthesis system, maximum light energy conversion efficiency, and chlorophyll content of T. chrysantha seedlings, whereas the effects of GGR and PP333 were not obvious. Comprehensive analysis further showed that the appropriate concentration combination of different exogenous hormones was that of Treatment 11, under which the quality of T. chrysantha seedlings was optimal.
We applied a L16(45) orthogonal experimental design to determine and compare the biomass, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and photosynthetic characteristics of Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nichols seedlings under different combinations of rooting powder (GGR), indole acetic acid (IAA), and paclobutrazol (PP333). The effects of the different combinations of plant exogenous hormones (GGR, IAA, and PP333) on the growth and photosynthesis of T. chrysantha seedlings were used to derive the optimal concentration combination. Results showed that fresh weight and dry weight were highest under Treatment 11 (GGR 400 mg/L, IAA 400 mg/L, PP333 400 mg/L) compared with the other treatments. Among the three plant exogenous hormones, GGR played a leading role in the increase in fresh and dry weights, whereas IAA and PP333 did not have a significant effect. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of seedlings were also highest under Treatment 11, whereas intracellular carbon dioxide concentration was lowest. Results also showed that IAA played a leading role in the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, potential activity of photosynthesis system, maximum light energy conversion efficiency, and chlorophyll content of T. chrysantha seedlings, whereas the effects of GGR and PP333 were not obvious. Comprehensive analysis further showed that the appropriate concentration combination of different exogenous hormones was that of Treatment 11, under which the quality of T. chrysantha seedlings was optimal.
6
2019, 37(1): 70-78.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2019.10070
Abstract:
The leaf anatomical structure of 10 species of common garden shrubs in Chengdu were observed by paraffin sectioning and nail polish sealing. Indicators were measured and analyzed, which included thickness of main vein, thickness of leaf, cuticle thickness of upper epidermis, cuticle thickness of lower epidermis, thickness of upper epidermis, thickness of lower epidermis, thickness of palisade tissue, thickness of spongy tissue, stoma density of lower epidermis, stoma length, stoma width, and compactness and thickness ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue. Through variance and principal component analyses, representative indicators were selected, and drought resistance was evaluated among species by membership function. Results showed that the 13 indicators exhibited significant differences among the 10 garden shrubs, with variation coefficients ranging from 17.40%-68.20%. The 10 species belonged to bifacial leaves and their tissue structures were well recognized. The cuticle of the lower epidermis of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd was too thin to obtain specific measurement data. Leaf structure compactness, ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue, stoma density, stoma length, stoma width, and thickness of palisade tissue were the main indices able to evaluate drought resistance of the 10 shrubs. Drought resistance in descending order was Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Yieh, Schefflera octophylla(Lour.) Harms, Photinia fraseri Dress, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Rhododendron hybrida Hort., Pittosporum tobira(Thunb.) Ait., Camellia japonica L., Buxus bodinieriLevl., B. spectabilis Willd, Euonymus japonicus var. aureo-marginatus Hort. Furthermore, L. chinense var . rubrum Yieh, S.octophylla(Lour.) Harms, P. fraseri Dress, and G. jasminoides Ellis were strong drought resistant varieties and could be widely cultivated on roofs and slopes.
The leaf anatomical structure of 10 species of common garden shrubs in Chengdu were observed by paraffin sectioning and nail polish sealing. Indicators were measured and analyzed, which included thickness of main vein, thickness of leaf, cuticle thickness of upper epidermis, cuticle thickness of lower epidermis, thickness of upper epidermis, thickness of lower epidermis, thickness of palisade tissue, thickness of spongy tissue, stoma density of lower epidermis, stoma length, stoma width, and compactness and thickness ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue. Through variance and principal component analyses, representative indicators were selected, and drought resistance was evaluated among species by membership function. Results showed that the 13 indicators exhibited significant differences among the 10 garden shrubs, with variation coefficients ranging from 17.40%-68.20%. The 10 species belonged to bifacial leaves and their tissue structures were well recognized. The cuticle of the lower epidermis of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd was too thin to obtain specific measurement data. Leaf structure compactness, ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue, stoma density, stoma length, stoma width, and thickness of palisade tissue were the main indices able to evaluate drought resistance of the 10 shrubs. Drought resistance in descending order was Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Yieh, Schefflera octophylla(Lour.) Harms, Photinia fraseri Dress, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Rhododendron hybrida Hort., Pittosporum tobira(Thunb.) Ait., Camellia japonica L., Buxus bodinieriLevl., B. spectabilis Willd, Euonymus japonicus var. aureo-marginatus Hort. Furthermore, L. chinense var . rubrum Yieh, S.octophylla(Lour.) Harms, P. fraseri Dress, and G. jasminoides Ellis were strong drought resistant varieties and could be widely cultivated on roofs and slopes.
7
2021, 39(1): 93-101.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2021.10093
Abstract:
The localization of proteins in plant cells is the key to understanding protein function, gene regulation, and protein-protein interactions. In recent years, with the rapid development of various protein-subcellular localization methods and continuous improvement in technology, protein-subcellular localization has achieved high-throughput and in vivo dynamic research. In this paper, we summarize current research progress on the common techniques of plant protein subcellular localization and development of organelle-specific markers. We also present future perspectives in this research field.
The localization of proteins in plant cells is the key to understanding protein function, gene regulation, and protein-protein interactions. In recent years, with the rapid development of various protein-subcellular localization methods and continuous improvement in technology, protein-subcellular localization has achieved high-throughput and in vivo dynamic research. In this paper, we summarize current research progress on the common techniques of plant protein subcellular localization and development of organelle-specific markers. We also present future perspectives in this research field.
8
2018, 36(1): 32-37.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.10032
Abstract:
Yunnan is an extremely biodiverse area in southwestern China. It includes more than half of all Chinese plant species and the main vegetation types of Eurasia. However, the origin and evolution of its intricate biota are less known to science. Based on geological events in Yunnan since the Tertiary, we investigated the possible origin and evolution of Yunnan flora from the view of floristic biogeography. It was revealed that the flora of Yunnan might be derived from tropical-subtropical Tertiary flora of East Asia, with later divergence. The northwestern Yunnan flora likely evolved through rapid speciation from families and genera of cosmopolitan and north temperate distribution with uplift of the Himalayas and climatic oscillations after the late Tertiary, while southern Yunnan flora evolved tropical Asian flora by permeation of tropical Asian elements with southeastward extrusion of the Indochina block, with central Yunnan inheriting more elements of Tertiary flora from East Asia. The phylogenetic relationships (phylogenetic structure and β-diversity patterns) of the flora of northern, central, and southern Yunnan supported the deduction suggested from biogeography. The oblique abundance patterns of Yunnan seed plants corresponded well to the clockwise rotation and southeastward extrusion of the Langping-Simao (Indochina) Geoblock caused by the collision of India with Asia. The divergence of the flora of southern and southeastern Yunnan, in which the former was more closely related to Indo-Malaysian flora and the latter was more closely related to Eastern Asian flora, was well supported by the geological history of these regions; that is, the flora of tropical southeastern Yunnan derived from the South China Geoblock, whereas the southern Yunnan flora derived from the Shan-Thai Geoblock.
Yunnan is an extremely biodiverse area in southwestern China. It includes more than half of all Chinese plant species and the main vegetation types of Eurasia. However, the origin and evolution of its intricate biota are less known to science. Based on geological events in Yunnan since the Tertiary, we investigated the possible origin and evolution of Yunnan flora from the view of floristic biogeography. It was revealed that the flora of Yunnan might be derived from tropical-subtropical Tertiary flora of East Asia, with later divergence. The northwestern Yunnan flora likely evolved through rapid speciation from families and genera of cosmopolitan and north temperate distribution with uplift of the Himalayas and climatic oscillations after the late Tertiary, while southern Yunnan flora evolved tropical Asian flora by permeation of tropical Asian elements with southeastward extrusion of the Indochina block, with central Yunnan inheriting more elements of Tertiary flora from East Asia. The phylogenetic relationships (phylogenetic structure and β-diversity patterns) of the flora of northern, central, and southern Yunnan supported the deduction suggested from biogeography. The oblique abundance patterns of Yunnan seed plants corresponded well to the clockwise rotation and southeastward extrusion of the Langping-Simao (Indochina) Geoblock caused by the collision of India with Asia. The divergence of the flora of southern and southeastern Yunnan, in which the former was more closely related to Indo-Malaysian flora and the latter was more closely related to Eastern Asian flora, was well supported by the geological history of these regions; that is, the flora of tropical southeastern Yunnan derived from the South China Geoblock, whereas the southern Yunnan flora derived from the Shan-Thai Geoblock.
9
2019, 37(5): 690-698.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2019.50690
Abstract:
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important plant phytohormone and plays a key role in the regulation of seed development, dormancy, and germination, plant growth and flowering inhibition, and abiotic stress response pathways. ABA also interacts with other plant hormones, such as auxin and ethylene, to precisely regulate root growth, including that of preprimary roots, lateral roots, and root hairs. In this updated review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms by which ABA regulates plant root growth and development, focusing on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. We also discuss the proposed mechanism of ABA interaction with other plant hormones (such as GA) to regulate root growth, especially under abiotic stress conditions. Additionally, the future research directions in this field are discussed.
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important plant phytohormone and plays a key role in the regulation of seed development, dormancy, and germination, plant growth and flowering inhibition, and abiotic stress response pathways. ABA also interacts with other plant hormones, such as auxin and ethylene, to precisely regulate root growth, including that of preprimary roots, lateral roots, and root hairs. In this updated review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms by which ABA regulates plant root growth and development, focusing on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. We also discuss the proposed mechanism of ABA interaction with other plant hormones (such as GA) to regulate root growth, especially under abiotic stress conditions. Additionally, the future research directions in this field are discussed.
10
2018, 36(5): 687-695.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.50687
Abstract:
To reveal the structural characteristics of the phytoplankton community in Tuohu Lake and its relationship with environmental factors, we analyzed the phytoplankton species composition, abundance, biomass, and environmental factors at 11 sampling sites in July (summer) of 2016. A total of 96 phytoplankton taxa were identified, belonging to 48 genera and eight phyla. The phytoplankton species were dominated by Chlorophyta, with 39 species (40.63% of the total phytoplankton species) from 23 genera, and Bacillariophyta, with 20 species (20.83%) from seven genera. Other notable phyla included:Euglenophyta, with 17 species (17.71%) from five genera; Cyanophyta, with 14 species (14.58%) from eight genera; Pyrrophyta, with two species (2.08%) from two genera; Cryptophyta, with two species (2.08%) from one genus; and Xanthophyta and Chrysophyta, both with one species from one genus, accounting for 1.04% of total phytoplankton species, respectively. Given their dominance in the community structure, the phytoplankton species composition was Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta type. In addition, the sampling sites at the lower reaches exhibited higher phytoplankton cell abundance and biomass than that observed in the upper reaches. The average cell density and biomass of phytoplankton were 4.022×106 cells/L and 3.046 mg/L, respectively. Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta cell abundance was highest, whereas Bacillariophyta and Euglenophyta biomass was highest. The Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indices of phytoplankton in the upstream sampling sites were higher than those downstream. Furthermore, the water quality of Tuohu Lake was determined to be in oligotrophic-β mesotrophic status. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that conductivity, transparency, water depth, and pH were strongly correlated with the phytoplankton community structure.
To reveal the structural characteristics of the phytoplankton community in Tuohu Lake and its relationship with environmental factors, we analyzed the phytoplankton species composition, abundance, biomass, and environmental factors at 11 sampling sites in July (summer) of 2016. A total of 96 phytoplankton taxa were identified, belonging to 48 genera and eight phyla. The phytoplankton species were dominated by Chlorophyta, with 39 species (40.63% of the total phytoplankton species) from 23 genera, and Bacillariophyta, with 20 species (20.83%) from seven genera. Other notable phyla included:Euglenophyta, with 17 species (17.71%) from five genera; Cyanophyta, with 14 species (14.58%) from eight genera; Pyrrophyta, with two species (2.08%) from two genera; Cryptophyta, with two species (2.08%) from one genus; and Xanthophyta and Chrysophyta, both with one species from one genus, accounting for 1.04% of total phytoplankton species, respectively. Given their dominance in the community structure, the phytoplankton species composition was Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta type. In addition, the sampling sites at the lower reaches exhibited higher phytoplankton cell abundance and biomass than that observed in the upper reaches. The average cell density and biomass of phytoplankton were 4.022×106 cells/L and 3.046 mg/L, respectively. Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta cell abundance was highest, whereas Bacillariophyta and Euglenophyta biomass was highest. The Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indices of phytoplankton in the upstream sampling sites were higher than those downstream. Furthermore, the water quality of Tuohu Lake was determined to be in oligotrophic-β mesotrophic status. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that conductivity, transparency, water depth, and pH were strongly correlated with the phytoplankton community structure.
11
2018, 36(2): 291-299.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.20291
Abstract:
Zea mays L. seedlings of the variety ‘Zhengdan 958’ were used as experimental material to analyze the effects of the external application of chitosan on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and concentrations of nonenzymatic antioxidant substances in the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, as well as on Z.mays seedling biomass, leaf cadmium content, superoxide radical (O2·-) production rate, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content under cadmium stress. With the prolongation of cadmium stress, oxidative stress on the maize seedlings increased, whereas the activities of antioxidant enzymes (APX, GR, DHAR, MDHAR) and concentrations of antioxidants (AsA, GSH) in the leaves decreased. The excessive accumulation of cadmium eventually inhibited the growth of the Z.mays seedlings. Under cadmium stress, the application of chitosan reduced the production ratesof O2·- and H2O2 in the Z. mays seedling leaves and increased the activities of APX, GR, DHAR, and MDHAR and concentrations of AsA and GSH, reaching a maximum at 72 h. Chitosan promoted the regeneration of AsA and GSH and maintained the redox status of cells, which promoted the growth of aerial parts of the Z.mays seedlings. These results indicated that chitosan maintained a high AsA-GSH cycle efficiency, improved the antioxidant capacity of Z. mays seedlings, and effectively alleviated the inhibition of seedling growth under cadmium stress.
Zea mays L. seedlings of the variety ‘Zhengdan 958’ were used as experimental material to analyze the effects of the external application of chitosan on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and concentrations of nonenzymatic antioxidant substances in the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, as well as on Z.mays seedling biomass, leaf cadmium content, superoxide radical (O2·-) production rate, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content under cadmium stress. With the prolongation of cadmium stress, oxidative stress on the maize seedlings increased, whereas the activities of antioxidant enzymes (APX, GR, DHAR, MDHAR) and concentrations of antioxidants (AsA, GSH) in the leaves decreased. The excessive accumulation of cadmium eventually inhibited the growth of the Z.mays seedlings. Under cadmium stress, the application of chitosan reduced the production ratesof O2·- and H2O2 in the Z. mays seedling leaves and increased the activities of APX, GR, DHAR, and MDHAR and concentrations of AsA and GSH, reaching a maximum at 72 h. Chitosan promoted the regeneration of AsA and GSH and maintained the redox status of cells, which promoted the growth of aerial parts of the Z.mays seedlings. These results indicated that chitosan maintained a high AsA-GSH cycle efficiency, improved the antioxidant capacity of Z. mays seedlings, and effectively alleviated the inhibition of seedling growth under cadmium stress.
12
2018, 36(4): 524-533.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.40524
Abstract:
As a third-class nationally protected plant, Acer miaotaiense Tsoong is a rare and endangered species in the Qinling Mountains of China, with important economic and ornamental value. Through investigation of the wild resources of the main distribution area of Acer miaotaiense, we studied the age structure, static life table and survival curve of the populations. Furthermore, dynamic index (Vpi,Vpi') and time series model was used to predict the development trend of the populations, thus providing the basis for formulating feasible protection strategies. To understand the growth performance of A.miaotaiense, corresponding protection measures were taken. Results showed that the survival curve of the A.miaotaiense population was Deevey-Ⅲ type, with more young individuals and fewer middle-aged and aging individuals; the static life table and correlative curve analysis demonstrated that the survival rate of the A.miaotaiense populations was significantly negatively correlated with diameter, while the population mortality curve showed an initially decreasing then increasing trend; dynamic analysis of the population quantity showed that the overall structure of the A.miaotaiense population was increasing, but the ability of the population to resist disturbance from the external environment decreased in the absence of adult individuals; time series prediction showed that the A.miaotaiense populations at the same time curve increased slightly at the high-level, and the number of older-aged individuals was relatively small. The main vegetation types were deciduous broad-leaved forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest. In the wild A.miaotaiense populations, the number of protected trees was very small, and they were greatly impacted by human activities, diseases, and insect pests. Few seedlings and natural regeneration were discovered, and the outlook is not good.
As a third-class nationally protected plant, Acer miaotaiense Tsoong is a rare and endangered species in the Qinling Mountains of China, with important economic and ornamental value. Through investigation of the wild resources of the main distribution area of Acer miaotaiense, we studied the age structure, static life table and survival curve of the populations. Furthermore, dynamic index (Vpi,Vpi') and time series model was used to predict the development trend of the populations, thus providing the basis for formulating feasible protection strategies. To understand the growth performance of A.miaotaiense, corresponding protection measures were taken. Results showed that the survival curve of the A.miaotaiense population was Deevey-Ⅲ type, with more young individuals and fewer middle-aged and aging individuals; the static life table and correlative curve analysis demonstrated that the survival rate of the A.miaotaiense populations was significantly negatively correlated with diameter, while the population mortality curve showed an initially decreasing then increasing trend; dynamic analysis of the population quantity showed that the overall structure of the A.miaotaiense population was increasing, but the ability of the population to resist disturbance from the external environment decreased in the absence of adult individuals; time series prediction showed that the A.miaotaiense populations at the same time curve increased slightly at the high-level, and the number of older-aged individuals was relatively small. The main vegetation types were deciduous broad-leaved forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest. In the wild A.miaotaiense populations, the number of protected trees was very small, and they were greatly impacted by human activities, diseases, and insect pests. Few seedlings and natural regeneration were discovered, and the outlook is not good.
13
2018, 36(2): 282-290.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.20282
Abstract:
In this study, the seedlings of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. were used as plant material. After treatment with NaCl, NaCl + CaCl2, and NaCl + LaCl3, the contents of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the leaves, stems, and roots were tested using ICP-OES, with the values of K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+, and Mg2+/Na+ also calculated to explore the role of calcium in maintaining ion balance under NaCl stress. The fluxes of Na+ and K+ were also determined by the non-invasive micro-test technique (NMT). Results showed that after NaCl treatment, the content of Na+ in the three plant organs increased, whereas the contents of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ decreased, as did the ion content ratios. The addition of CaCl2 reduced the content of Na+, but increased the contents of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ as well as the ion content ratios. Conversely, LaCl3 treatment caused the opposite results. After treatment with NaCl for 24 h, significant effluxes of Na+ and K+ were found in the root tip, indicating that M. crystallinum L. was in a state of ionic imbalance. After the addition of CaCl2, the efflux rate of Na+ increased obviously, whereas that of K+ was inhibited. Conversely, the addition of LaCl3 reduced Na+ efflux but accelerated K+ efflux. The above results suggested that when M. crystallinum L. exposed to salt stress, calcium promoted Na+ efflux but reduced K+ efflux in the root tips, and maintained lower Na+ content in the three plant organs, suggesting that calcium plays an important role in maintaining and regulating ionic balance.
In this study, the seedlings of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. were used as plant material. After treatment with NaCl, NaCl + CaCl2, and NaCl + LaCl3, the contents of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the leaves, stems, and roots were tested using ICP-OES, with the values of K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+, and Mg2+/Na+ also calculated to explore the role of calcium in maintaining ion balance under NaCl stress. The fluxes of Na+ and K+ were also determined by the non-invasive micro-test technique (NMT). Results showed that after NaCl treatment, the content of Na+ in the three plant organs increased, whereas the contents of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ decreased, as did the ion content ratios. The addition of CaCl2 reduced the content of Na+, but increased the contents of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ as well as the ion content ratios. Conversely, LaCl3 treatment caused the opposite results. After treatment with NaCl for 24 h, significant effluxes of Na+ and K+ were found in the root tip, indicating that M. crystallinum L. was in a state of ionic imbalance. After the addition of CaCl2, the efflux rate of Na+ increased obviously, whereas that of K+ was inhibited. Conversely, the addition of LaCl3 reduced Na+ efflux but accelerated K+ efflux. The above results suggested that when M. crystallinum L. exposed to salt stress, calcium promoted Na+ efflux but reduced K+ efflux in the root tips, and maintained lower Na+ content in the three plant organs, suggesting that calcium plays an important role in maintaining and regulating ionic balance.
14
2022, 40(6): 829-838.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2022.60829
Abstract:
Annual vine Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc. is considered the ancestor of cultivated soybean (G. max (L.)Merr.), but exhibits greater genetic diversity. At present, the G. soja growth environment is under high-salt stress, but its photosynthetic performance under such conditions remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of salt stress on the photochemical activity of G. soja photosynthesis based on prompt chlorophyll fluorescence and modulated 820-nm reflection. Results showed that chlorophyll a content was significantly reduced, and the chlorophyll fluorescence induction transient (OJIP) curve was significantly changed in seedling leaves after salt stress treatment. The JIP-test parameters, including performance indices such as PIABS and PItotal and energy flux parameters such as RC/ABS, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, and REo/RC, were decreased, while DIo/RC was increased. Quantum yield and efficiency parameters, such as ψEo, φEo, δRo, and φRo, were decreased in seedling leaves exposed to salt stress. The shape of the MR/MRO ratio curve changed after salt stress treatment. Furthermore, changes in the MR/MRO ratio showed high correlation to the time intervals of chlorophyll fluorescence. Salt stress led to membrane lipid peroxidation in the seedling leaves, resulting in a significant increase in MDA content, while relative water content was significantly decreased. Thus, the seedling leaves adapted to salt stress by significantly increasing osmotic regulators and antioxidant enzyme activities.
Annual vine Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc. is considered the ancestor of cultivated soybean (G. max (L.)Merr.), but exhibits greater genetic diversity. At present, the G. soja growth environment is under high-salt stress, but its photosynthetic performance under such conditions remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of salt stress on the photochemical activity of G. soja photosynthesis based on prompt chlorophyll fluorescence and modulated 820-nm reflection. Results showed that chlorophyll a content was significantly reduced, and the chlorophyll fluorescence induction transient (OJIP) curve was significantly changed in seedling leaves after salt stress treatment. The JIP-test parameters, including performance indices such as PIABS and PItotal and energy flux parameters such as RC/ABS, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, and REo/RC, were decreased, while DIo/RC was increased. Quantum yield and efficiency parameters, such as ψEo, φEo, δRo, and φRo, were decreased in seedling leaves exposed to salt stress. The shape of the MR/MRO ratio curve changed after salt stress treatment. Furthermore, changes in the MR/MRO ratio showed high correlation to the time intervals of chlorophyll fluorescence. Salt stress led to membrane lipid peroxidation in the seedling leaves, resulting in a significant increase in MDA content, while relative water content was significantly decreased. Thus, the seedling leaves adapted to salt stress by significantly increasing osmotic regulators and antioxidant enzyme activities.
15
2018, 36(1): 45-53.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.10045
Abstract:
The spatial distribution of fine roots can well reflect the utilization degree and adaptability of plants to the environment, which is essential for the evaluation of adaptation to adverse circumstances. We investigated the spatial distribution of Populus euphratica Oliv. fine roots (D ≤ 2 mm) and the relationship with groundwater depth and soil water content. Fine roots and soil samples were collected by the artificial trench profile method. Results showed that:(1) In the horizontal direction (range of 550 cm), fine root length density (RLD), fine root surface area density (SAD), and fine root mass density (RMD) of< P. euphratica changed insignificantly with distance from the tree trunk. (2) In the vertical direction, there were almost no fine roots in the top layer of the soil profile. With the increase in soil depth, both RLD and RMD exhibited increasing trends at first, and then showed decreasing trends. We found high fine specific root length (SRL) and specific root area (SRA) of< P. euphratica at the 280 cm soil depth. (3) RLD and RMD showed positive correlations with soil moisture content of the upper soil (0-180 cm), but exhibited spatial heterogeneities with soil moisture at deeper layers. These results revealed that P. euphratica roots were restricted by soil water conditions in the upper soil, and the fine roots in deeper soil were mainly affected by groundwater. The P. euphratica root system not only demonstrated the ability to develop into the deep moist soil, but also showed a strong horizontal expansion capability to cope with drought environments. This study provides a reference for understanding the adaptation mechanism of P. euphratica to extremely arid environments.
The spatial distribution of fine roots can well reflect the utilization degree and adaptability of plants to the environment, which is essential for the evaluation of adaptation to adverse circumstances. We investigated the spatial distribution of Populus euphratica Oliv. fine roots (D ≤ 2 mm) and the relationship with groundwater depth and soil water content. Fine roots and soil samples were collected by the artificial trench profile method. Results showed that:(1) In the horizontal direction (range of 550 cm), fine root length density (RLD), fine root surface area density (SAD), and fine root mass density (RMD) of< P. euphratica changed insignificantly with distance from the tree trunk. (2) In the vertical direction, there were almost no fine roots in the top layer of the soil profile. With the increase in soil depth, both RLD and RMD exhibited increasing trends at first, and then showed decreasing trends. We found high fine specific root length (SRL) and specific root area (SRA) of< P. euphratica at the 280 cm soil depth. (3) RLD and RMD showed positive correlations with soil moisture content of the upper soil (0-180 cm), but exhibited spatial heterogeneities with soil moisture at deeper layers. These results revealed that P. euphratica roots were restricted by soil water conditions in the upper soil, and the fine roots in deeper soil were mainly affected by groundwater. The P. euphratica root system not only demonstrated the ability to develop into the deep moist soil, but also showed a strong horizontal expansion capability to cope with drought environments. This study provides a reference for understanding the adaptation mechanism of P. euphratica to extremely arid environments.
16
2020, 38(2): 278-287.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2020.20278
Abstract:
The NAC transcription factor family is an important class of transcriptional regulatory factors and is found ubiquitously in plants. In rice (Oryza sativa L.), the NAC gene family is involved in cell growth, tissue development, organ aging, and adventitious stress responses, and plays an important role in responding to external environmental stimuli. In this paper, we introduce the structural characteristics of the O. sativa NAC transcription factor family and its involvement in regulating plant growth and development. We also discuss the involvement of NAC genes in defensive responses to cold, salt, and pathogenic bacterial stress. Future research directions are analyzed and considered. Overall, this paper provides theoretical guidance and reference for relevant future study.
The NAC transcription factor family is an important class of transcriptional regulatory factors and is found ubiquitously in plants. In rice (Oryza sativa L.), the NAC gene family is involved in cell growth, tissue development, organ aging, and adventitious stress responses, and plays an important role in responding to external environmental stimuli. In this paper, we introduce the structural characteristics of the O. sativa NAC transcription factor family and its involvement in regulating plant growth and development. We also discuss the involvement of NAC genes in defensive responses to cold, salt, and pathogenic bacterial stress. Future research directions are analyzed and considered. Overall, this paper provides theoretical guidance and reference for relevant future study.
17
2020, 38(6): 743-750.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2020.60743
Abstract:
Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Henry et Thomas is a rare and endangered species in China with important economic and ornamental value. Prediction of suitable habitats of F. hodginsii will help to facilitate practical and scientifically based protection measures for this species. Based on distribution data of 84 sites and 11 environmental factors in China, the MaxEnt model and geographic information system (GIS) were used to predict potentially suitable habitats of F. hodginsii. Results showed that the mean value of the area under the receiver operation characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.966 and the accuracy of the model was high, and thus suitable for predicting potential habitats of F. hodginsii. The suitable habitats were mainly located in the Wuyi, Luoxiao, and Nanling mountains, including hilly areas south of the Yangtze River, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, and the Sichuan basin. Jackknife results showed that the major factors determining the potential suitable distribution were minimum temperature of the coldest month, annual precipitation, and precipitation of the driest month. We deduced that summer and autumn precipitation resulting in pollination failure may be a key factor limiting the natural renewal and distribution of F. hodginsii.
Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Henry et Thomas is a rare and endangered species in China with important economic and ornamental value. Prediction of suitable habitats of F. hodginsii will help to facilitate practical and scientifically based protection measures for this species. Based on distribution data of 84 sites and 11 environmental factors in China, the MaxEnt model and geographic information system (GIS) were used to predict potentially suitable habitats of F. hodginsii. Results showed that the mean value of the area under the receiver operation characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.966 and the accuracy of the model was high, and thus suitable for predicting potential habitats of F. hodginsii. The suitable habitats were mainly located in the Wuyi, Luoxiao, and Nanling mountains, including hilly areas south of the Yangtze River, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, and the Sichuan basin. Jackknife results showed that the major factors determining the potential suitable distribution were minimum temperature of the coldest month, annual precipitation, and precipitation of the driest month. We deduced that summer and autumn precipitation resulting in pollination failure may be a key factor limiting the natural renewal and distribution of F. hodginsii.
18
2019, 37(3): 324-336.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2019.30324
Abstract:
Desert riparian forest is a typical temperate deciduous broad-leaved secondary forest and is mainly distributed in the Tarim Basin. To better understand the mechanisms of community dynamics and species coexistence of this forest type, six 1-hm2 plots were established and divided into 150 subplots. We analyzed species composition (e.g., importance value, abundance), community structure (e.g., vertical structure, size-class structure), spatial distribution of woody plants, and floristic composition. Results indicated that community structure of the desert riparian forest was simple and species diversity was low, with 16 species, belonging to 15 genera and 12 families identified. Salicaceae had the highest importance value (28.97%) and was the dominant family in the community. When the sampling area was larger than 0.04 hm2, 87.5% of species were counted. Rare and occasional species accounted for 12.5% of all species, respectively. Floristic composition was poor, with single species, genus, and temperate components being dominant, although ancient Mediterranean components also occupied an important position, with typical temperate flora. We counted 2497 living free-standing trees in the plots. Species abundance, basal area, and importance values showed that Populus pruinosa was the obviously dominant species. The number of families, genera, and species decreased with increasing height class, and the vertical structure was composed of canopy, shrub, and herb layers, indicating apparent vertical stratification in this forest. The average DBH of all trees was 15.57 cm, and DBH size and height classes showed skewed normal distributions, with few individuals with a height lower than 2 m, indicating weak regeneration across the community. The DBH structures of P. pruinosa and P. euphratica generally were unimodal; in particular, P. euphratica lacked small DBH trees and P. pruinosa had extremely high mortality during development from seedling to young tree, thus suggesting declining populations for these two species. The spatial distribution patterns of the two dominant species were clustered and varied with diameter in different habitats. In addition, the two dominant species were spatially mutually exclusive and occupied different habitats, suggesting that interspecific competition and habitat heterogeneity may be responsible for the species coexistence and spatial distribution of dominant species.
Desert riparian forest is a typical temperate deciduous broad-leaved secondary forest and is mainly distributed in the Tarim Basin. To better understand the mechanisms of community dynamics and species coexistence of this forest type, six 1-hm2 plots were established and divided into 150 subplots. We analyzed species composition (e.g., importance value, abundance), community structure (e.g., vertical structure, size-class structure), spatial distribution of woody plants, and floristic composition. Results indicated that community structure of the desert riparian forest was simple and species diversity was low, with 16 species, belonging to 15 genera and 12 families identified. Salicaceae had the highest importance value (28.97%) and was the dominant family in the community. When the sampling area was larger than 0.04 hm2, 87.5% of species were counted. Rare and occasional species accounted for 12.5% of all species, respectively. Floristic composition was poor, with single species, genus, and temperate components being dominant, although ancient Mediterranean components also occupied an important position, with typical temperate flora. We counted 2497 living free-standing trees in the plots. Species abundance, basal area, and importance values showed that Populus pruinosa was the obviously dominant species. The number of families, genera, and species decreased with increasing height class, and the vertical structure was composed of canopy, shrub, and herb layers, indicating apparent vertical stratification in this forest. The average DBH of all trees was 15.57 cm, and DBH size and height classes showed skewed normal distributions, with few individuals with a height lower than 2 m, indicating weak regeneration across the community. The DBH structures of P. pruinosa and P. euphratica generally were unimodal; in particular, P. euphratica lacked small DBH trees and P. pruinosa had extremely high mortality during development from seedling to young tree, thus suggesting declining populations for these two species. The spatial distribution patterns of the two dominant species were clustered and varied with diameter in different habitats. In addition, the two dominant species were spatially mutually exclusive and occupied different habitats, suggesting that interspecific competition and habitat heterogeneity may be responsible for the species coexistence and spatial distribution of dominant species.
19
Abstract:
A hydroponics experiment was conducted to study the effects of single and compound application of nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and salicylic acid (SA) on plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, membrane lipid peroxidation and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH cycle) in tomato cultivar (‘Qinfeng Baoguan’) seedling leaves under 100 mmol/L NaCl stress. Results showed that salt stress had significant effects on the growth, photosynthetic rate, and related indicators of reactive oxygen metabolism. Single or combined application of SNP and SA effectively alleviated the salinity damage of tomato seedlings, and the strongest effect was observed after applying a combination of SNP and SA. After 3-7 days of stress treatment, the PSⅡ maximal photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and droascorbic acid reductase (DHAR), and contents of reductive-form abscisic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in leaves increased by 9.5%-15.3%, 25.5%-94.9%, 38.8%-67.5%, 15.2%-30.6%, 7.9%-41%, 4.4%-45.7%, and 13.8%-21.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the contents of H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and electrolyte leakage in leaves were reduced by 18.4%-40.4%, 35.2%-52.4%, 4.6%-26.3%, 14.8%-20.7%, and 23.1%-29.3%, respectively, compared with stress treatment. In conclusion, single or combined application of SNP and SA not only played a role in the stable operation of the AsA-GSH cycle, but also reduced membrane lipid peroxidation, promoted photosynthesis, enhanced plant growth and development, and improved seedling resistance by maintaining and coordinating the increase in related antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibiting the decrease in antioxidant content. Thus, a synergistic effect was observed after applying both SNP and SA.
A hydroponics experiment was conducted to study the effects of single and compound application of nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and salicylic acid (SA) on plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, membrane lipid peroxidation and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH cycle) in tomato cultivar (‘Qinfeng Baoguan’) seedling leaves under 100 mmol/L NaCl stress. Results showed that salt stress had significant effects on the growth, photosynthetic rate, and related indicators of reactive oxygen metabolism. Single or combined application of SNP and SA effectively alleviated the salinity damage of tomato seedlings, and the strongest effect was observed after applying a combination of SNP and SA. After 3-7 days of stress treatment, the PSⅡ maximal photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and droascorbic acid reductase (DHAR), and contents of reductive-form abscisic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in leaves increased by 9.5%-15.3%, 25.5%-94.9%, 38.8%-67.5%, 15.2%-30.6%, 7.9%-41%, 4.4%-45.7%, and 13.8%-21.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the contents of H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and electrolyte leakage in leaves were reduced by 18.4%-40.4%, 35.2%-52.4%, 4.6%-26.3%, 14.8%-20.7%, and 23.1%-29.3%, respectively, compared with stress treatment. In conclusion, single or combined application of SNP and SA not only played a role in the stable operation of the AsA-GSH cycle, but also reduced membrane lipid peroxidation, promoted photosynthesis, enhanced plant growth and development, and improved seedling resistance by maintaining and coordinating the increase in related antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibiting the decrease in antioxidant content. Thus, a synergistic effect was observed after applying both SNP and SA.
20
2018, 36(3): 470-478.
DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.30470
Abstract:
This paper discusses the existing research methods of plant proteomics based on mass spectrometry by summarizing the qualitative and quantitative proteomics in both directions and reviewing the new technologies, methods, and applications of proteomics that have emerged in recent years, including targeted proteomics, DIA/SWATH, chemical proteomics, and multi-omics co-analysis.
This paper discusses the existing research methods of plant proteomics based on mass spectrometry by summarizing the qualitative and quantitative proteomics in both directions and reviewing the new technologies, methods, and applications of proteomics that have emerged in recent years, including targeted proteomics, DIA/SWATH, chemical proteomics, and multi-omics co-analysis.
- First
- Prev
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- Next
- Last
- Total 5 Pages
- To
- Go