2012 Vol. 30 No. 1
2012, 30(1): 1-7.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.10001
Abstract：
The correlation between the karyotype structure and morphological characteristics among 6 spcies of the genus Aspidistra from Guizhou were investigated based on their chromosome number and external morphology.Among all these 6 species, one was found to have the chromosome number 2n = 36 and the other five with a 2n=38 karyotype.Their karyotype formulas are listed as follows: (1) Aspidistra pingtangensis: 2n=38=20m+4sm (2sat)+14st; (2) A.liboensis: 2n=38=22m (2sat)+4sm+12st; (3) A.chishuiensis: 2n=38=22m (2sat)+8sm+8st; (4) A.fungilliformis 2n=36=18m (2sat)+4sm+14st; (5) A.sichuanensis: 2n=38=22m (2sat)+4sm+12st; (6) A.caespitosa: 2n=38=20m+6sm (2sat)+12st.All the above species had bimodal karyotypes belonging to the Stebbins’ karyotype classification 2C.The chromosome number and karyotype of A.pingtangensis, A.liboensis, and A.chishuiensis were reported for the first time.The results showed that in terms of nuclear structure and external morphology this genus has some relevance, and cytotaxonomy can clarify the evolutionary origins of this species to provide a basis for classification and identification.
The correlation between the karyotype structure and morphological characteristics among 6 spcies of the genus Aspidistra from Guizhou were investigated based on their chromosome number and external morphology.Among all these 6 species, one was found to have the chromosome number 2n = 36 and the other five with a 2n=38 karyotype.Their karyotype formulas are listed as follows: (1) Aspidistra pingtangensis: 2n=38=20m+4sm (2sat)+14st; (2) A.liboensis: 2n=38=22m (2sat)+4sm+12st; (3) A.chishuiensis: 2n=38=22m (2sat)+8sm+8st; (4) A.fungilliformis 2n=36=18m (2sat)+4sm+14st; (5) A.sichuanensis: 2n=38=22m (2sat)+4sm+12st; (6) A.caespitosa: 2n=38=20m+6sm (2sat)+12st.All the above species had bimodal karyotypes belonging to the Stebbins’ karyotype classification 2C.The chromosome number and karyotype of A.pingtangensis, A.liboensis, and A.chishuiensis were reported for the first time.The results showed that in terms of nuclear structure and external morphology this genus has some relevance, and cytotaxonomy can clarify the evolutionary origins of this species to provide a basis for classification and identification.
2012, 30(1): 8-14.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.10008
Abstract：
Seed morphology and micromorphology of the seed coat of six species and six subspecies of Hippophae L.from China were examined by stereoscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM).The results showed that these species were obviously different in seed shape and seed coat micromorphology.These micromorphological features were important in their classification.The seed surface morphologies were divided into four types: paracerebroid, lineate-foveate, nearly smooth-fine verrucose, and shallow foveate-verrucose.Degree of separation of endocarp and seed coat indicated that they were also divided into two types: close combination and separation.The results of the study partly support Lian’s viewpoint that Hippophae is divided into two sections: Sect.1.Hippophae and Sect.2.Gyantsenses, but also showed there were some differences.
Seed morphology and micromorphology of the seed coat of six species and six subspecies of Hippophae L.from China were examined by stereoscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM).The results showed that these species were obviously different in seed shape and seed coat micromorphology.These micromorphological features were important in their classification.The seed surface morphologies were divided into four types: paracerebroid, lineate-foveate, nearly smooth-fine verrucose, and shallow foveate-verrucose.Degree of separation of endocarp and seed coat indicated that they were also divided into two types: close combination and separation.The results of the study partly support Lian’s viewpoint that Hippophae is divided into two sections: Sect.1.Hippophae and Sect.2.Gyantsenses, but also showed there were some differences.
2012, 30(1): 15-21.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.10015
Abstract：
Ropiquet et al.(2009) proposed a new approach called SuperTRI (SuperTree with Reliability Indices) to combine all phylogenetic information available for the construction of large,synthetic phylogenetic trees.This approach overcomes some limitations of Supermatrix analysis and Supertree analysis,and allows larger scale hypotheses to be more reliable and with stronger statistical power.In this paper,we applied SuperTRI to construct a liliales phylogenetic tree.Compared to those found with the supermatrix approach,the results indicated: (1) the topology of SuperTRI tree is similar to those of the Supermatrix tree,but gives lower branch support values relatively,where reproducibility index for judging node reliability is the easiest way to understand and also the most intuitive method shown by the phylogenetic tree; (2) our results confirmed that Liliaceae,Smilaceae,Philesiaceae and Ripogonaceae are one monophyletic clade,Melanthiaceae is another monophyletic clade,and Colchicaceae,Alstroemeriaceae and Petermanniaceae are another.However,the phylogenetic relationship between the three clades remains uncertain.Corsiaceae and Campynemataceae are a sister group and the first branch in the order.
Ropiquet et al.(2009) proposed a new approach called SuperTRI (SuperTree with Reliability Indices) to combine all phylogenetic information available for the construction of large,synthetic phylogenetic trees.This approach overcomes some limitations of Supermatrix analysis and Supertree analysis,and allows larger scale hypotheses to be more reliable and with stronger statistical power.In this paper,we applied SuperTRI to construct a liliales phylogenetic tree.Compared to those found with the supermatrix approach,the results indicated: (1) the topology of SuperTRI tree is similar to those of the Supermatrix tree,but gives lower branch support values relatively,where reproducibility index for judging node reliability is the easiest way to understand and also the most intuitive method shown by the phylogenetic tree; (2) our results confirmed that Liliaceae,Smilaceae,Philesiaceae and Ripogonaceae are one monophyletic clade,Melanthiaceae is another monophyletic clade,and Colchicaceae,Alstroemeriaceae and Petermanniaceae are another.However,the phylogenetic relationship between the three clades remains uncertain.Corsiaceae and Campynemataceae are a sister group and the first branch in the order.
2012, 30(1): 22-30.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.10022
Abstract：
Jiangxi province is located east of the mid-subtropical zone of China,and has a long geological history.It has superior natural environment conditions,and possesses many plant species.According to preliminary data,there are 4057 species of wild seed plants in Jiangxi province (including varieties) belonging to 193 families and 1082 genera,of which gymnosperms account for 7 families,18 genera,and 29 species and angiosperms account for 186 families,1064 genera,and 4028 species.Floristic analysis showed: (1) a rich floral composition,with the dominant families and genera highly prominent; (2) complex geographical components indicated by the flora being extensively connected with most parts of the world,with a dominant tropical element for the wild seed plants overall as well as a large temperate element; (3) flora of ancient origin,with relic plants still found to exist in the area; and (4) the existence of many rare and endemic plants.
Jiangxi province is located east of the mid-subtropical zone of China,and has a long geological history.It has superior natural environment conditions,and possesses many plant species.According to preliminary data,there are 4057 species of wild seed plants in Jiangxi province (including varieties) belonging to 193 families and 1082 genera,of which gymnosperms account for 7 families,18 genera,and 29 species and angiosperms account for 186 families,1064 genera,and 4028 species.Floristic analysis showed: (1) a rich floral composition,with the dominant families and genera highly prominent; (2) complex geographical components indicated by the flora being extensively connected with most parts of the world,with a dominant tropical element for the wild seed plants overall as well as a large temperate element; (3) flora of ancient origin,with relic plants still found to exist in the area; and (4) the existence of many rare and endemic plants.
2012, 30(1): 31-39.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.10031
Abstract：
Yundingshan Nature Reserve is situated in the middle part of the Lüliang Mountains,Shanxi province.The wild seed plants of Yundingshan Nature Reserve included 926 species,391 genera and 85 families,of which gymnosperms accounted for 6 species,4 genera and 2 families,and angiosperms accounted for 920 species,387 genera,and 83 families (of which dicotyledons included 756 species, 311 genera 72 families and monocotyledons included 164 species, 76 genera and 11 families).The floristic characteristics of seed plants were diversified and complicated in composition, and were dominated by temperate elements (including 275 temperate genera,accounting for 82.08% of all the genera).Among the floristic elements of species,the temperate elements absolutely dominated,which included 566 species accoun-ting for 62.61%;the second were the endemics to China with 306 species,which were the constructive and dominant forest and shrub species of Yundingshan Nature Reserve.The results showed that higher homogeneity and closer relationship in the floristic elements and vegetation components between Yundingshan Nature Reserve and Pangquangou Nature Reserve,less similarity with Wutai Mountains,and the least similarity with Zhongtiao Mountains.Moreover,Glycine soja being under the national first class protection,and Aconitum smithii,Rhodiola rosea and Codonopsis pilosula being under provincial protection were also found during this study.
Yundingshan Nature Reserve is situated in the middle part of the Lüliang Mountains,Shanxi province.The wild seed plants of Yundingshan Nature Reserve included 926 species,391 genera and 85 families,of which gymnosperms accounted for 6 species,4 genera and 2 families,and angiosperms accounted for 920 species,387 genera,and 83 families (of which dicotyledons included 756 species, 311 genera 72 families and monocotyledons included 164 species, 76 genera and 11 families).The floristic characteristics of seed plants were diversified and complicated in composition, and were dominated by temperate elements (including 275 temperate genera,accounting for 82.08% of all the genera).Among the floristic elements of species,the temperate elements absolutely dominated,which included 566 species accoun-ting for 62.61%;the second were the endemics to China with 306 species,which were the constructive and dominant forest and shrub species of Yundingshan Nature Reserve.The results showed that higher homogeneity and closer relationship in the floristic elements and vegetation components between Yundingshan Nature Reserve and Pangquangou Nature Reserve,less similarity with Wutai Mountains,and the least similarity with Zhongtiao Mountains.Moreover,Glycine soja being under the national first class protection,and Aconitum smithii,Rhodiola rosea and Codonopsis pilosula being under provincial protection were also found during this study.
2012, 30(1): 40-48.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.10040
Abstract：
We determined there were 237 wild vascular plants from 184 genera in 73 families in Cheung Chau Island.The dominant vegetation types were secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest, followed by shrubland.The flora was dominated by tropical and subtropical elements.The flora of Cheung Chau Island is very important in Hong Kong and is similar to its neighboring regions.Because of human activities and exotic plant introduction,the floristic composition,species diversity,and vegetation protection should be an important area of focus.
We determined there were 237 wild vascular plants from 184 genera in 73 families in Cheung Chau Island.The dominant vegetation types were secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest, followed by shrubland.The flora was dominated by tropical and subtropical elements.The flora of Cheung Chau Island is very important in Hong Kong and is similar to its neighboring regions.Because of human activities and exotic plant introduction,the floristic composition,species diversity,and vegetation protection should be an important area of focus.
2012, 30(1): 49-54.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.10049
Abstract：
In order to determine the stage and pattern of anther abortion, anatomical observations of anthers in cytoplasmic male sterile line 6w-9605A and its maintainer line 6w-9605B in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.ssp.pekinensis) were made using paraffin sections.Simultaneously,the floral organ and fertility of 6w-9605A were observed.The results showed that the anthers of maintainer line 6w-9605B were normal and the abortion of male sterile line occurred mainly at the differentiation stage of archesporial cells,which accounted for 66.7% of anther abortion and resulted in no pollen sac differentiation.In the remaining 33.3% of abortion anthers,pollen sacs were produced but the development of microspores stopped at the late uninucleate or dinucleate stages,and the hypertrophic tapetal cells compressed the microspores and caused the sterility of pollen grains.The sterility of 6w-9605A was stable and complete (100%).
In order to determine the stage and pattern of anther abortion, anatomical observations of anthers in cytoplasmic male sterile line 6w-9605A and its maintainer line 6w-9605B in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.ssp.pekinensis) were made using paraffin sections.Simultaneously,the floral organ and fertility of 6w-9605A were observed.The results showed that the anthers of maintainer line 6w-9605B were normal and the abortion of male sterile line occurred mainly at the differentiation stage of archesporial cells,which accounted for 66.7% of anther abortion and resulted in no pollen sac differentiation.In the remaining 33.3% of abortion anthers,pollen sacs were produced but the development of microspores stopped at the late uninucleate or dinucleate stages,and the hypertrophic tapetal cells compressed the microspores and caused the sterility of pollen grains.The sterility of 6w-9605A was stable and complete (100%).
2012, 30(1): 55-63.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.10055
Abstract：
Unigene sequences and EST-SNPs derived from Castanea mollissima were downloaded from the Fagaceae Genomics database (www.fagaceae.org).The EST-SNP frequency in those unigenes was 1 SNP per 251 bp.For substitution types of those EST-SNPs,C-T substitution was the most frequent mutation type,accounting for 31.84% of all EST-SNPs,while C-G substitution occurred most rarely,accounting for only 5.76% of all EST-SNPs.The ratio of transition to transversion was 1.74 :1.Gene ontology for 211 differentially expressed genes in chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) infected vs healthy stem tissues of Castanea mollissima were investigated.Except for other cellular and metabolic processes,protein meta-bolism,response to stress,and response to abiotic or biotic stimulus were among the most represented biological process categories.Many transmembrane domains,signal peptides,coiled coil regions,and Pkinase related domains were found from analysis of protein sequences of the 211 differentially expressed genes.Using TBLASTX,the 211 differentially expressed genes were compared to all unigene sequences of Castanea mollissima.The EST-SNPs located on the homologous unigene sequences were summarized and resulted in a total of 3023 EST-SNPs.These EST-SNP markers provide insights into the studies of population genomics and association mapping for chestnut blight resistance in Castanea mollissima.
Unigene sequences and EST-SNPs derived from Castanea mollissima were downloaded from the Fagaceae Genomics database (www.fagaceae.org).The EST-SNP frequency in those unigenes was 1 SNP per 251 bp.For substitution types of those EST-SNPs,C-T substitution was the most frequent mutation type,accounting for 31.84% of all EST-SNPs,while C-G substitution occurred most rarely,accounting for only 5.76% of all EST-SNPs.The ratio of transition to transversion was 1.74 :1.Gene ontology for 211 differentially expressed genes in chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) infected vs healthy stem tissues of Castanea mollissima were investigated.Except for other cellular and metabolic processes,protein meta-bolism,response to stress,and response to abiotic or biotic stimulus were among the most represented biological process categories.Many transmembrane domains,signal peptides,coiled coil regions,and Pkinase related domains were found from analysis of protein sequences of the 211 differentially expressed genes.Using TBLASTX,the 211 differentially expressed genes were compared to all unigene sequences of Castanea mollissima.The EST-SNPs located on the homologous unigene sequences were summarized and resulted in a total of 3023 EST-SNPs.These EST-SNP markers provide insights into the studies of population genomics and association mapping for chestnut blight resistance in Castanea mollissima.
2012, 30(1): 64-71.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.10064
Abstract：
Three light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein genes (cab-PhE2,cab-PhE3 and cab-PhE6) were isolated from fresh leaves of Phyllostachys edulis by RT-PCR and RACE methods.The GenBank accession numbers were EF207230, EF405877 and EF628209,respectively.They shared high identities,with lhcb2,lhcb1,and lhcb3 genes encoding the major antenna proteins of PSⅡ from other plants such as Oryza sativa,Zea mays,and Hordeum vulgare.Secondary structure analysis showed that all the deduced proteins consisted of signal peptide and mature protein containing four α helices,three carotenoid binding sites and chlorophyll a/b-binding sites.The expression of these genes was detected in leaf (highest),sheath,and stem,but was undetectable in root.The genes were all down-regulated in leaf treated with strong light (1500 μmol·m-2·s-1),although they showed differences during treatment.The expression of cab-PhE3 and cab-PhE2 decreased rapidly during the first four hours,and cab-PhE2 dropped nearly to zero after six hours’ treatment.However,the expression level of cab-PhE6 was more than 70% that of the control after four hours,after which it reduced to less than 5% during the following two hours.
Three light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein genes (cab-PhE2,cab-PhE3 and cab-PhE6) were isolated from fresh leaves of Phyllostachys edulis by RT-PCR and RACE methods.The GenBank accession numbers were EF207230, EF405877 and EF628209,respectively.They shared high identities,with lhcb2,lhcb1,and lhcb3 genes encoding the major antenna proteins of PSⅡ from other plants such as Oryza sativa,Zea mays,and Hordeum vulgare.Secondary structure analysis showed that all the deduced proteins consisted of signal peptide and mature protein containing four α helices,three carotenoid binding sites and chlorophyll a/b-binding sites.The expression of these genes was detected in leaf (highest),sheath,and stem,but was undetectable in root.The genes were all down-regulated in leaf treated with strong light (1500 μmol·m-2·s-1),although they showed differences during treatment.The expression of cab-PhE3 and cab-PhE2 decreased rapidly during the first four hours,and cab-PhE2 dropped nearly to zero after six hours’ treatment.However,the expression level of cab-PhE6 was more than 70% that of the control after four hours,after which it reduced to less than 5% during the following two hours.
2012, 30(1): 72-78.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.10072
Abstract：
Nostoc flagelliforme is a terrestrial nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium with strong drought adaptability.We performed 2-DE analysis,gel image analysis and MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS to compare and identify differential proteins from N.flagelliforme subjected to desiccation.The results indicated that Ferritin,Dps family protein expression quantum gradually declined under desiccation stress.The Ferritin gene was cloned by designed degeneracy primer based on identified amino acid sequences.A full length of 540 bp DNA was obtained (GenBank access number: HM854287).Homology analysis showed that the N.flagelliforme Ferritin gene had high consensus regions.The secondary structures of Ferritin were made up of α helix and random coil.The RT-PCR showed that mRNA of Ferritin gradually declined under drought stress.The Ferritin gene was expressed in Escherichia coli,and a 22.4 kD heterologous protein was observed.The results laid a foundation for understanding the drought-resistant molecular mechanisms and protection mechanisms of N.flagelliforme in extreme arid environments.
Nostoc flagelliforme is a terrestrial nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium with strong drought adaptability.We performed 2-DE analysis,gel image analysis and MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS to compare and identify differential proteins from N.flagelliforme subjected to desiccation.The results indicated that Ferritin,Dps family protein expression quantum gradually declined under desiccation stress.The Ferritin gene was cloned by designed degeneracy primer based on identified amino acid sequences.A full length of 540 bp DNA was obtained (GenBank access number: HM854287).Homology analysis showed that the N.flagelliforme Ferritin gene had high consensus regions.The secondary structures of Ferritin were made up of α helix and random coil.The RT-PCR showed that mRNA of Ferritin gradually declined under drought stress.The Ferritin gene was expressed in Escherichia coli,and a 22.4 kD heterologous protein was observed.The results laid a foundation for understanding the drought-resistant molecular mechanisms and protection mechanisms of N.flagelliforme in extreme arid environments.
2012, 30(1): 79-84.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.10079
Abstract：
To study the relationship between the accumulation of dry matter and the absorption characteristics of N,P and K in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.Field experiments and sampling analysis were used to study the accumulation capacity of dry matter and N,P and K at different growing stages of S.baicalensis Georgi.The accumulation of dry matter in S.baicalensis Georgi increased with growth,and reached 61.62% of the total accumulation within 52-85 d after germinating.During the whole growth period,the accumulation capacity of potassium was the highest,followed by nitrogen,with phosphorus the lowest.The accumulation ratio of N,P and K was 2.8 :1.0 :2.9,and they were all found in higher concentrations in the roots than aboveground parts.The accumulation of N,P and K in the root showed an increasing-decreasing-increasing trend with different growing stages.These results showed that dry matter accumulation and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation were correlated positively.To produce 100 kg root,S.baicalensis Georgi needed to absorb 6.34 kg of N,2.60 kg of P2O5,7.02 kg of K2O from the soil and fertilizer.
To study the relationship between the accumulation of dry matter and the absorption characteristics of N,P and K in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.Field experiments and sampling analysis were used to study the accumulation capacity of dry matter and N,P and K at different growing stages of S.baicalensis Georgi.The accumulation of dry matter in S.baicalensis Georgi increased with growth,and reached 61.62% of the total accumulation within 52-85 d after germinating.During the whole growth period,the accumulation capacity of potassium was the highest,followed by nitrogen,with phosphorus the lowest.The accumulation ratio of N,P and K was 2.8 :1.0 :2.9,and they were all found in higher concentrations in the roots than aboveground parts.The accumulation of N,P and K in the root showed an increasing-decreasing-increasing trend with different growing stages.These results showed that dry matter accumulation and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation were correlated positively.To produce 100 kg root,S.baicalensis Georgi needed to absorb 6.34 kg of N,2.60 kg of P2O5,7.02 kg of K2O from the soil and fertilizer.
2012, 30(1): 85-91.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.10085
Abstract：
We established an advanced SRAP-PCR reaction system for Chinese Antique Lotus and American Lotus using a single factor experiment with five impact factors,including DNA template,Mg2+,dNTP mixture,Taq DNA polymerase and primer.The 10 μL reaction mixture contained 50 ng of genomic DNA template,1 μL of 10×Buffer,2 mmol/L of MgCl2,0.20 mmol/L of dNTP,0.75 U of Taq DNA polymerase,and 0.8 μmol/L of primers.To test the stability of the optimized SRAP-PCR system,the PCR was further amplified in the core-collection of flower lotus with 88 cultivars using 16 primer pairs.A total of 183 clear bands were obtained throughout all materials,of which 165 (90%) bands were polymorphic. Therefore,the established SRAP reaction system for lotus was reliable.The results provided technical support for evaluating genetic diversity as well as constructing genetic linkage maps and molecular marker-assisted breeding of lotus.
We established an advanced SRAP-PCR reaction system for Chinese Antique Lotus and American Lotus using a single factor experiment with five impact factors,including DNA template,Mg2+,dNTP mixture,Taq DNA polymerase and primer.The 10 μL reaction mixture contained 50 ng of genomic DNA template,1 μL of 10×Buffer,2 mmol/L of MgCl2,0.20 mmol/L of dNTP,0.75 U of Taq DNA polymerase,and 0.8 μmol/L of primers.To test the stability of the optimized SRAP-PCR system,the PCR was further amplified in the core-collection of flower lotus with 88 cultivars using 16 primer pairs.A total of 183 clear bands were obtained throughout all materials,of which 165 (90%) bands were polymorphic. Therefore,the established SRAP reaction system for lotus was reliable.The results provided technical support for evaluating genetic diversity as well as constructing genetic linkage maps and molecular marker-assisted breeding of lotus.
Abstract：
This experiment was conducted with the pollens grains of Rhododendron ciliatum,R.polylepis,R.taronense,R.simsii,R.ovatum,and R.hybridum.The effects of sucrose,H3BO3 and CaCl2 single factor and orthogonal test L25(53) on Rhododendron pollen germination were investigated.The I2-KI,TTC,benzi-dine-H2O2,and MTT methods were compared to find the fastest determination method of Rhododendron pollen vitality.The results indicated that sucrose,H3BO3,CaCl2,and their interaction had great effects on the pollen germination of the six Rhododendron species.The optimal germination medium of pollen germination for 150 g/L+H3BO3 0 mg/L+CaCl2 50 mg/L,for R.simsii was sucrose 100 g/L+H3BO3 100 mg/L+CaCl2 0 mg/L,for R.ovatum was sucrose 50 g/L+H3BO3 200 mg/L+CaCl2 0 mg/L and for R.hybridum was sucrose 150 g/L+H3BO3 100 mg/L+CaCl2 0 mg/L and sucrose 150 g/L+H3BO3 100 mg/L+CaCl2 0 mg/L,respectively.MTT is the optimum and rapid staining method to determine pollen vitality of Rhododendron.
This experiment was conducted with the pollens grains of Rhododendron ciliatum,R.polylepis,R.taronense,R.simsii,R.ovatum,and R.hybridum.The effects of sucrose,H3BO3 and CaCl2 single factor and orthogonal test L25(53) on Rhododendron pollen germination were investigated.The I2-KI,TTC,benzi-dine-H2O2,and MTT methods were compared to find the fastest determination method of Rhododendron pollen vitality.The results indicated that sucrose,H3BO3,CaCl2,and their interaction had great effects on the pollen germination of the six Rhododendron species.The optimal germination medium of pollen germination for 150 g/L+H3BO3 0 mg/L+CaCl2 50 mg/L,for R.simsii was sucrose 100 g/L+H3BO3 100 mg/L+CaCl2 0 mg/L,for R.ovatum was sucrose 50 g/L+H3BO3 200 mg/L+CaCl2 0 mg/L and for R.hybridum was sucrose 150 g/L+H3BO3 100 mg/L+CaCl2 0 mg/L and sucrose 150 g/L+H3BO3 100 mg/L+CaCl2 0 mg/L,respectively.MTT is the optimum and rapid staining method to determine pollen vitality of Rhododendron.
2012, 30(1): 100-106.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.10100
Abstract：
As an important alternative electron flow,cyclic electron flow (CEF) is essential for photosynthesis in many higher plants.The CEF-dependent generation of proton gradient across thylakoid membranes not only activates ATP synthesis but also protects photosystemⅡfrom photoinhibition through activating non-photochemical quenching and stabilizing oxygen-evolving complexes. Furthermore,CEF can alleviate the over-reduction of acceptor side of photosystemⅠ(PSⅠ) and generation of superoxide anion,and thus protect PSⅠ from photoinhibition.This review briefly summarizes the pathways of CEF,roles of CEF,response of CEF to environmental stress,and proposes perspectives.
As an important alternative electron flow,cyclic electron flow (CEF) is essential for photosynthesis in many higher plants.The CEF-dependent generation of proton gradient across thylakoid membranes not only activates ATP synthesis but also protects photosystemⅡfrom photoinhibition through activating non-photochemical quenching and stabilizing oxygen-evolving complexes. Furthermore,CEF can alleviate the over-reduction of acceptor side of photosystemⅠ(PSⅠ) and generation of superoxide anion,and thus protect PSⅠ from photoinhibition.This review briefly summarizes the pathways of CEF,roles of CEF,response of CEF to environmental stress,and proposes perspectives.
