Distribution Pattern and Morphological Diversity of <i>Trapa</i> L. in the Heilong and Tumen River Basin

XUE Jian-Hua; XUE Zhi-Qing; WANG Ri-Xin; Rubtsova TA; Pshennikova LM; GUO Yu-Min

doi:10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2016.40506

Plant Science Journal > 2016 > 34(4): 506-520. > DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2016.40506 CSTR: 32231.14.PSJ.2095-0837.2016.40506

XUE Jian-Hua, XUE Zhi-Qing, WANG Ri-Xin, Rubtsova TA, Pshennikova LM, GUO Yu-Min. Distribution Pattern and Morphological Diversity of Trapa L. in the Heilong and Tumen River Basin[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2016, 34(4): 506-520. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2016.40506

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Distribution Pattern and Morphological Diversity of Trapa L. in the Heilong and Tumen River Basin

1. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. College of Horticulture, Liaoning Vocational and Technical College, Tieling, Liaoning 112001, China;
4. Institute of Comprehensive Analysis of Far East Region Issues, Russian Academy of Sciences, Birobidzhan 679016, Russia;
5. Botanical Garden-Institute Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690024, Russia;
6. College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Funds:

This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(31270262), Special Foundation of National Science and Technology Basic Research(2013FY112300) and Special Foundation of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus of the International Cooperation Bureau in Chinese Academy of Sciences(2015, 2016).

More Information

Received Date: January 18, 2016
Revised Date: April 18, 2016
Available Online: October 31, 2022
Published Date: August 27, 2016

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Abstract

Abstract

Considerable disagreements about the classification system of Trapa L. still exist, with no current unified view. The Amur River and Tumen River basin is an important species distribution and diversity center of Trapa. To reveal the geographical distribution pattern and morphological diversity of Trapa plants in this basin, we conducted field surveys and research. We found 11 species and 8 types of intraspecific variability from 28 lakes in the area, indicating that Trapa exhibited rich morphological diversity. In addition, 354 Trapa specimens were also consulted and a total of 92 distribution data locations were obtained. The geographical distribution pattern of the 11 species was not balanced. The distribution of Trapa maximowiczii Korsch.was the widest, while Trapa incisa Siebold et Zucc., Trapa khankensis Pshennikova, and Trapa kozhevnikovirum Pshennikova showed narrow domain distribution. The Eastern Ussuri River and Tumen River basin was found to be the diversity distribution center of Trapa, and might be a Quaternary glacial refuge. Interspecific morphological features of Trapa were relatively stable. Trapa manshurica Fler., Trapa potaninii V.Vassil., Trapa japonica Fler., Trapa sibirica Fler., and Trapa maximowiczii Korsch.exhibited eight intraspecific variabilities. Most morphological characters were stable within the population, whereas variabilities were obvious between populations. The diffusion limit of gene flow was an important factor resulting in the imbalanced distribution patterns and intraspecific variability of Trapa. This research lays the foundation for clarifying Trapa classification. Based on the results, combined with molecular marker technology, studying the phylogenetic relationships could have significant impact in revealing the evolutionary history of the Trapa genus.
- Trapa L.,
- Glacial refuge,
- Distribution pattern,
- Morphological diversity,
- Gene flow

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References (26)

References

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