Chemometric Analysis of the Stem and Leaf of <em>Gentiana rigescens</em> in Agroforestry Systems

SHEN Tao; ZHANG Ji; ZHAO Yan-Li; ZUO Zhi-Tian; WANG Yuan-Zhong

doi:10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2015.40472

Plant Science Journal > 2015 > 33(4): 472-481. > DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2015.40472 CSTR: 32231.14.PSJ.2095-0837.2015.40472

SHEN Tao, ZHANG Ji, ZHAO Yan-Li, ZUO Zhi-Tian, WANG Yuan-Zhong. Chemometric Analysis of the Stem and Leaf of Gentiana rigescens in Agroforestry Systems[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2015, 33(4): 472-481. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2015.40472

Citation:

PDF (1572 KB)

Chemometric Analysis of the Stem and Leaf of Gentiana rigescens in Agroforestry Systems

1.
College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China
2. Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China

More Information

Received Date: January 15, 2015
Published Date: August 27, 2015

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

A method for HPLC fingerprinting of the aerial parts of Gentiana rigescens Franch. ex Hemsl. in agroforestry and monoculture systems was established. Contents of the main bioactive compounds, such as loganic acid, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside and sweroside, were determined. Variations in the chemometric characteristics of the stems and leaves under different cultivation systems were investigated, with correlation analysis, similarity analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and variable importance in the projection (VIP) analysis used to investigate these variations. Quantitative analysis showed that gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, loganic acid and sweroside contents ranged from (15.28±11.34) mg/g to (24.59±7.84) mg/g, (4.10±1.64) mg/g to (31.67±22.70) mg/g, (1.85±0.92) mg/g to (7.43±7.64) mg/g, and (1.03±0.17) mg/g to (1.58±0.50) mg/g, respectively. Total contents of the four bioactive compounds in leaves were higher than those in stems. Total content of the four bioactive compounds in the aerial part was the highest in the plant intercropped with Alnus nepalensis D. Don and was the lowest in the plant intercropped with Juglans regia L.. Correlation analysis showed that the variation in iridoid and secoiridoid content had significant (P < 0.05) or very significant (P < 0.01) positive correlation in the same part and in different parts, respectively. Similarities of the stem samples ranged from 0.989 to 0.992. Similarities of the leaf samples ranged from 0.988 to 0.996. The chemical constituents in stems and leaves were similar. However, the contents of those compounds were different. PLS-DA analysis showed that the chemometric characteristics of the stems and leaves were very different. Samples collected from different cultivation systems were classified as different groups. Chemical compounds in the leaves were more affected by the cultivation system than those in the stems. These results provide useful information for the study of agroforestry systems of G. rigescens Franch. ex Hemsl. and sustainable use of medicinal materials.
- Gentiana rigescens Franch. ex Hemsl.,
- Agroforestry system,
- Stem and leaf,
- HPLC fingerprint,
- Chemometric characteristics

FullText(HTML)

References (42)

References

[1]	Dai CC, Chen Y, Wang XX, Li PD. Effects of intercropping of peanut with the medicinal plant Atractylodes lancea on soil microecology and peanut yield in subtropical China[J]. Agroforest Syst, 2013, 87(2): 417-426.
[2]	Sonwa DJ, Weise SF, Schroth G, Janssens MJ, Shapiro HY. Plant diversity management in cocoa agroforestry systems in West and Central Africa-effects of markets and household needs[J]. Agroforest Syst, 2014, 88(6): 1021-1034.
[3]	Tscharntke T, Clough Y, Bhagwat SA, Buchori D, Faust H, Hertel D, Hlscher D, Juhrbandt J, Kessler M, Perfecto I, Scherber C, Schroth G, Veldkamp E, Wanger, TC. Multifunctional shade-tree management in tropical agroforestry landscapes-a review[J]. J App Ecol, 2011, 48(3): 619-629.
[4]	Zou X, Sanford Jr RL. Agroforestry systems in China: a survey and classification[J]. Agroforest Syst, 1990, 11(1): 85-94.
[5]	Gao L, Xu H, Bi H, Xi W, Bao B, Wang X, Bi C, Chang YF. Intercropping competition between apple trees and crops in agroforestry systems on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. PLoS ONE, 2013, 8(7): e70739.
[6]	Cao FL, Kimmins JP, Wang JR. Competitive interactions in ginkgo and crop species mixed agrofo-restry systems in Jiangsu, China[J]. Agroforest Syst, 2012, 84(3): 401-415.
[7]	Bari MS, Rahim MA. Economic evaluation and yield performance of some medicinal plants in coconut based multistoried agroforestry systems[J]. The Agriculturists, 2012, 10(1): 71-80.
[8]	Chamoli M, Varshney VK, Srivastava PK, Pandey R, Dayal R. TLC-densitometric evaluation of three major bioactive diterpene lactones in Andrographis paniculata intercropped with Morus alba[J]. J Liq Chromatogr R T, 2014, 37(16): 2258-2274.
[9]	段金廒, 吴启南, 宿树兰, 周荣汉. 中药资源化学学科的建立与发展[J]. 中草药, 2012, 43(9): 1665-1671.
[10]	李远菊, 张霁, 王元忠, 张金渝, 金航. 药用植物复合种植研究进展[J]. 世界科学技术: 中医药现代化, 2013, 15(9): 1941-1947.
[11]	周涛, 张小波, 郭兰萍, 蔺阁, 江维克, 艾强, 张成刚. 粗毛淫羊藿不同部位不同生境中淫羊藿苷总黄酮含量的变化分析[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2012, 37(13): 1917-1921.
[12]	李强, 杜思邈, 张忠亮, 吕春明, 周永全, 赵燕, 张宁. 中药指纹图谱技术进展及未来发展方向展望[J]. 中草药, 2013, 44(22): 3095-3102.
[13]	Xiong H, Lawrence XY, Qu H. Batch-to-batch quality consistency evaluation of botanical drug products using multivariate statistical analysis of the chromatographic fingerprint[J]. AAPS PharmSciTech, 2013, 14(2): 802-810.
[14]	Alaerts G, Pieters S, Logie H, Van Erps J, Merino-Arévalo M, Dejaegher B, Smeyers-Verbeke B, Vander Heyden Y. Exploration and classification of chromatographic fingerprints as additional tool for identification and quality control of several Artemi-sia species[J]. J Pharmaceut Biomed, 2014, 95(7): 34-46.
[15]	Zhu J, Fan X, Cheng Y, Agarwal R, Moore CM, Chen ST, Tong W. Chemometric analysis for identification of botanical raw materials for pharmaceutical use: A case study using Panax notoginseng[J]. PLoS ONE, 2014, 9(1): e87462.
[16]	Kwon YK, Ahn MS, Park JS, Liu JR, In DS, Min BW, Kim SW. Discrimination of cultivation ages and cultivars of ginseng leaves using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis[J]. J Ginseng Res, 2014, 38(1): 52-58.
[17]	Gad HA, El-Ahmady SH, Abou-Shoer MI, Al-Azizi MM. Application of chemometrics in authentication of herbal medicines: a review[J]. Phytochem Analysis, 2013, 24(1): 1-24.
[18]	何延农, 刘尚武, 吴庆如. 中国植物志:第62卷[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1988: 100-101.
[19]	中华人民共和国药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典:一部[M]. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社, 2010: 89-90.
[20]	Yang JL, Liu LL, Shi YP. Phytochemicals and biological activities of Gentiana species[J]. Nat Prod Commun, 2010, 5(4): 649-664.
[21]	Zhang JY, Shen T, Wang YZ, Yang MQ, Zhang J, Yang SB, Yang WZ, Zhao YL, Zhao ZL, Yang TM, Jin H. Effect of cultivation condition on the active component contents in Gentiana rigescens, a traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Afr J Pharm Pharmaco, 2013, 7(18): 1096-1102.
[22]	沈涛, 杨美权, 赵振玲, 张智慧, 王元忠, 金航, 张金渝, 王跃华. 滇龙胆中萜类物质积累的动态变化[J]. 植物学报, 2012, 46(6): 652-657.
[23]	Zhou GS, Yang NY, Tang YP, Duan JA, Jiang S, Yang, H, Gou S, Song BS, He ZQ. Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Angelica sinensis and their bioactivities[J]. Chin J Nat Med, 2012, 10(4): 295-298.
[24]	Searels JM, Keen KD, Horton JL, Clarke HD, Ward JR. Comparing ginsenoside production in leaves and roots of wild American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)[J]. Am J Plant Sci, 2013, 4(6): 1252-1259.
[25]	Yang CQ, Fang X, Wu XM, Mao YB, Wang LJ, Chen XY. Transcriptional regulation of plant se-condary metabolism[J]. J Integr Plant Biol, 2012, 54(10): 703-712.
[26]	De Luca V, Salim V, Thamm A, Masada SA, Yu F. Making iridoids/secoiridoids and monoterpenoid indole alkaloids: progress on pathway elucidation[J]. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2014, 19: 35-42.
[27]	王凌健, 方欣, 杨长青, 李建戌, 陈晓亚. 植物萜类次生代谢及其调控[J]. 中国科学: 生命科学, 2013, 43(12): 1030-1046.
[28]	Miettinen K, Dong L, Navrot N, Schneider T, Burlat V, Pollier J, Woittiez L, Van Der Krol S, Lugan R, Llc T, Verpoortel R, Oksman-Caldentey KM, Martinoia E, Bouwmeester H, Goossens A, Memelink J, Werck-Reichhart D. The seco-iridoid pathway from Catharanthus roseus[J]. Nat Commun, 2014, 5(7): 3606.
[29]	Beninger CW, Cloutier RR, Monteiro MA, Grodzinski B. The distribution of two major iridoids in different organs of Antirrhinum majus L. at selected stages of development[J]. J Chem Ecol, 2007, 33(4): 731-747.
[30]	Hua WP, Zheng P, He YH, Cui LJ, Kong WW, Wang ZZ. An insight into the genes involved in secoiridoid biosynthesis in Gentiana macrophylla by RNA-seq[J]. Mol Biol Rep, 2014, 41(7): 4817-4852.
[31]	Struwe L, Albert VA, Gentianaceca Systematics and Natural History[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002: 573-574.
[32]	Ramakrishna A, Ravishankar GA. Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants[J]. Plant Signal Behav, 2011, 6(11): 1720-1731.
[33]	Delaroza F, Rakocevic M, Malta GB, Bruns RE, Scarminio IS. Spectroscopic and chromatographic fingerprint analysis of composition variations in Coffea arabica leaves subject to different light conditions and plant phenophases[J]. J Braz Chem Soc, 2014, 25(11): 1929-1938.
[34]	Tattini M, Galardi C, Pinelli P, Massai R, Remorini D, Agati G. Differential accumulation of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamates in leaves of Ligustrum vulgare under excess light and drought stress[J]. New Phytol, 2004, 163(3): 547-561.
[35]	Takahashi H, Yamada H, Yoshida C, Imamura T. Modification of light quality improves the growth and medicinal quality of clonal plantlets derived from the herbal plant Gentiana[J]. Plant Biote-chnol, 2012, 29(3): 315-318.
[36]	Sardans J, Penuelas J, Rivas-Ubach A. Ecological metabolomics: overview of current developments and future challenges[J]. Chemoecology, 2011, 21(4): 191-225.
[37]	Hancock RD, Morris WL, Ducreux LJ, Morris JA, Usman M, Verrall SR, Fuller J, Simpson CG, Zhang RX, Hedley PE, Taylor MA. Physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plant to moderately elevated temperature[J]. Plant Cell Environ, 2014, 37(2), 439-450.
[38]	Król A, Amarowicz R, Weidner S. Changes in the composition of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of grapevine roots and leaves (Vitis vinifera L.) under continuous of long-term drought stress[J]. Acta Physiol Plant, 2014, 36(6), 1491-1499.
[39]	段文军, 王金叶, 李海防. 华南退化生态系统三种典型生态恢复模式的小气候效应研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2014, 23(6): 911-916.
[40]	李强, 杜思邈, 张忠亮, 吕春明, 周永全, 赵燕, 张宁. 中药指纹图谱技术进展及未来发展方向展望[J]. 中草药, 2013, 44(22): 3095-3103.
[41]	Song XY, Jin L, Shi YP, Li YD, Chen J. Multiva-riate statistical analysis based on a chromatogra-phic fingerprint for the evaluation of important environmental factors that affect the quality of Angelica sinensis[J]. Anal Methods, 2014, 6(20): 8268-8276.
[42]	Khairudin K, Sukiran NA, Goh HH, Baharum SN, Noor NM. Direct discrimination of different plant populations and study on temperature effects by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy[J]. Metabolomics, 2014, 10(2): 203-211.

[1]	Yin Li, Zhang Yanbo, Zheng Jinhong, Cheng Gang, Li Zhengyuan, Chen Guilin. Differential analysis of feature markers of Balanophora involucrata Hook. f. by HPLC-MS/MS fingerprint pattern recognition coupled with chemometrics[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2024, 42(4): 499-508. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.23285
[2]	Zhong Xiao-Ying, Ren Yi-Wei, Yi Hua-Peng. Coupling relationship between nutrient resorption and stoichiometric ratios of N, P, and K in Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. leaves[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2023, 41(2): 193-203. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.22182
[3]	Yang Fu-Rong, Ran Jia-Dong, Xie Cai-Xiang. Quality variation in Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels based on chemical composition and ecological characteristics[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2022, 40(6): 782-790. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2022.60782
[4]	Wang Qian, Mo Yu-Xuan, Liu Wen-Yao. Ecological stoichiometry and nutrient dynamics of substrates in hemi-epiphytic figs (Ficus tinctoria subsp. gibbosa (Bl.) Corner) during different growth stages[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2022, 40(5): 637-645. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2022.50637
[5]	Xiao Yu-Xin, Wang Ming-Ming, Guo Hui-An, Peng Gang-Ao, Zhuang Wei-Wei. Changes in ecological stoichiometry of two ephemeral plants with a hydrothermal gradient in the Gurbantünggüt Desert[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2022, 40(4): 492-504. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2022.40492
[6]	Ran Jia-Dong, Yang Fu-Rong, Xie Cai-Xiang. Spatial variation in chemical components of Rheum palmatum L. and climatic response characteristics[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2021, 39(5): 496-505. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2021.50496
[7]	CHEN Sui-Qing, SONG Jun, CUI Can. Research and Evaluation on Chemical Fingerprints of Diterpenoids from Rabdosia rubescens[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2012, 30(5): 519-527. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2012.50519
[8]	LI Jing, BAI Zhi-Chuan, LIU Yang. Study on HPLC Finger Print of Chinese Quince[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2011, 29(2): 238-242.
[9]	LI Miao, LOU Yi-Ceng, YANG Han, HU Jia-Xing, SU Feng-Ping. Study on the Fingerprint Chromatogram of the Compound Giant Knotweed Rhizome by High Performance Liquid Chromatography[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2009, 27(4): 446-450.
[10]	TAO Li, WANG Yue-Jin, YOU Min, WANG You-Wei. Construction of AFLP Fingerprints and Seedling Sex Discrimination of Siraitia grosvenori (Swingle)[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2005, 23(1): 77-80.

Cited By

Cited by

Periodical cited type(17)

1.	徐磊，胥晓，刘沁松. 外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下珙桐幼苗抗氧化系统和基因表达的影响. 植物研究. 2023(04): 572-581 .
2.	张爱慧，冷欣兰，袁颖辉，任慧羚，陈雪琼，朱士农. 5-ALA对NaCl胁迫下丝瓜幼苗生长及生理特性的影响. 江苏农业科学. 2023(13): 137-141 .
3.	朱普生，刘慧英，曹泽，丛蕴郸. 番茄GAPDH基因家族的鉴定及其在GSNO调控番茄盐胁迫中的响应. 分子植物育种. 2023(23): 7682-7688 .
4.	张雪蒙，亢超，滕元旭，陈静怡，崔辉梅. 外源硫化氢和水杨酸对盐胁迫下加工番茄幼苗生长与生理特性的影响. 西北植物学报. 2022(02): 255-262 .
5.	吴莺，张淑英，陈明媛，王梦柯. SNP对盐胁迫下棉花幼苗光合抑制及氧化损伤的缓解效应. 植物生理学报. 2022(04): 757-766 .
6.	左月桃，董玲，任晓松，刘赵月，左师宇，李晶. 外源褪黑素对盐碱胁迫下小黑麦种子萌发幼苗生长、抗氧化能力的影响. 麦类作物学报. 2022(01): 90-99 .
7.	赵野，刘威，王贺，吴华鑫，肖雅楠，闫永庆. 外源CaCl_2对盐胁迫下西伯利亚白刺活性氧代谢的影响. 植物生理学报. 2021(05): 1105-1112 .
8.	程园，李灿婴，侯佳宝，李雪，王晓涵，葛永红. 采后硝普钠处理对南果梨果实贮藏品质和细胞壁降解酶的影响. 食品科学. 2020(01): 252-257 .
9.	耿贵，李任任，吕春华，於丽华，王宇光. 外源调节物质对盐胁迫下植物生长调控研究进展. 中国农学通报. 2020(24): 85-90 .
10.	刘赵月，李蕊彤，李晶，顾万荣，左师宇，任晓松，左月桃，魏湜. 盐碱胁迫下京尼平苷对玉米种子萌发及根系AsA-GSH循环的影响. 江苏农业学报. 2020(04): 842-850 .
11.	赵宝泉，邢锦城，王静，朱小梅，刘冲，洪立洲. 水杨酸对盐胁迫下杭白菊幼苗生长和生理特性的影响. 吉林农业大学学报. 2020(04): 370-379 .
12.	普凌，赵鑫，王艇越，侯浩南，张毅. 等渗盐胁迫对番茄幼苗生长和生理特性的影响. 陕西农业科学. 2019(05): 35-38 .
13.	蒋景龙，沈季雪，李丽. 外源H_2O_2对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗氧化胁迫及抗氧化系统的影响. 西北农业学报. 2019(06): 998-1007 .
14.	孙德智，杨恒山，张庆国，范富，苏雅乐其其格，彭靖，韩晓日. 外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠对番茄幼苗盐胁迫伤害的缓解作用. 浙江农业学报. 2019(08): 1286-1294 .
15.	李翀，王杰，贾赵辉，程雪飞，彭孝楠，陈颖，张金池. 南林‘895’杂交杨组培苗对NaCl胁迫的生理响应. 安徽农业大学学报. 2019(06): 961-967 .
16.	李海萍. 盐胁迫及外源物质对植物抗盐性影响的研究进展. 青海农技推广. 2018(04): 48-50 .
17.	董亚茹，赵东晓，杜建勋，孙景诗，陈传杰，王照红. 外源NO对NaCl胁迫下桑树种子萌发及幼苗生理生化特性的影响. 蚕业科学. 2018(06): 821-827 .

Other cited types(16)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article views (1137) PDF downloads (1559) Cited by(33)

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

Chemometric Analysis of the Stem and Leaf of Gentiana rigescens in Agroforestry Systems

Abstract

References

Related Articles

Cited by

Periodical cited type(17)

Other cited types(16)

Catalog

Chemometric Analysis of the Stem and Leaf of Gentiana rigescens in Agroforestry Systems

Abstract

References

Related Articles

Cited by

Periodical cited type(17)

Other cited types(16)

Catalog

Export File

Citation

Format

Content