Research progress on the 14-3-3 protein involved in plant responses to abiotic stress

The 14-3-3 protein is a ubiquitous and highly conserved protein in eukaryotic cells. In most species, it is encoded by one gene family and exists as a homologous or heterologous dimer. Different 14-3-3 protein isoforms have different cell specificities and interact with target proteins by identifying specific phosphorylation or non-phosphorylation sequences. The 14-3-3 protein in plants plays an important role in plant growth and development. In this paper, we reviewed the types, structures, sequences of phosphorylation or non-phosphorylation, and molecular mechanisms of plant 14-3-3 proteins under drought, cold, salinity, nutrition, and mechanical stress.