Research progress on the pathways and regulation of flowering transformation in fruit trees

Floral transformation is the transition process of plant vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The long juvenile period in woody fruit trees inhibits the process of plant breeding. Compared with model plants, limited studies have been conducted on the mechanism and regulation of fruit tree flowering transformation. Therefore, understanding the pathways and controlling methods of fruit tree blooming are significant for shortening the fruit tree juvenile period, regulating flowering time, and accelerating fruit tree breeding. Based on recent research, we summarized the flowering pathways, cultivation measures, plant growth regulation, and regulation network mechanism of flower formation in fruit trees. Finally, we also discussed future prospects of multi-omics research as well as grafting and plant growth regulators in the regulation of flower formation in fruit trees.