1996 Vol. 14 No. 3
1996, 14(3): 193-198.
Abstract：
Biological characteristics of Planktonema were systematically studied by observing its life cycle,microstructure,ultrastrutture and cell division. Planktonema is unbranched filament in a row of cell. The cells are cylindric or elliposoid,mainly joined by cylindric cellulose cell walls and the cells contain chlorophyll a,b and β-carotene. Under transmission electron microscope. the cell walls clearly stratify and mostly have 2～3 layers. The chloroplast is lamellar, parietal and usually two or several thylakoids overlap;there are 1～2 pyrenoids in chloroplast and the pyrenoids have envelopes of starch grains,sometimes one or several thylakoids penetrating the pyrenoid. 1 ～2 mitochondrions stand by the chloroplast, and the ridges do not branch. Golgi complex sits near the cell circumference and excretes many vesicles. One nucleus is irregular square or globular, close to one pole of the cell. One or several vacuoles,which present bright spots at both poles of the cell under light microscope,usually contain some material dyed deeply. The studies on the morphology, the cell division and the life cycle demostrate the cells have not desmochisis and by the cell division the mother cell produces two autospores with their own complete cell walls. Aseries of autospores are linked to become the filamentous forms by the remaining, discontinuous cylinder-shaped or cup-shaped mother cell wall, and the formation and development of the filaments is fulfilled by asxeual reproduction, therefore, this kind of filaments naturally are the pseudo-filaments.
Biological characteristics of Planktonema were systematically studied by observing its life cycle,microstructure,ultrastrutture and cell division. Planktonema is unbranched filament in a row of cell. The cells are cylindric or elliposoid,mainly joined by cylindric cellulose cell walls and the cells contain chlorophyll a,b and β-carotene. Under transmission electron microscope. the cell walls clearly stratify and mostly have 2～3 layers. The chloroplast is lamellar, parietal and usually two or several thylakoids overlap;there are 1～2 pyrenoids in chloroplast and the pyrenoids have envelopes of starch grains,sometimes one or several thylakoids penetrating the pyrenoid. 1 ～2 mitochondrions stand by the chloroplast, and the ridges do not branch. Golgi complex sits near the cell circumference and excretes many vesicles. One nucleus is irregular square or globular, close to one pole of the cell. One or several vacuoles,which present bright spots at both poles of the cell under light microscope,usually contain some material dyed deeply. The studies on the morphology, the cell division and the life cycle demostrate the cells have not desmochisis and by the cell division the mother cell produces two autospores with their own complete cell walls. Aseries of autospores are linked to become the filamentous forms by the remaining, discontinuous cylinder-shaped or cup-shaped mother cell wall, and the formation and development of the filaments is fulfilled by asxeual reproduction, therefore, this kind of filaments naturally are the pseudo-filaments.
1996, 14(3): 199-203.
Abstract：
The cell nuclear DNA contents in the root tip of several species of Liliaceae were measured by the Feulgen microspectrophotometry. The genome size of each species was calculated according to their nuclear types.They were as follows:A. cepa L.18. 16× 109 bp,A. chinese G. Don. 12. 84 ×10 bp,A.ascalonicum L. 10. 44 ×10 bp and H. citrina B. 7. 8 ×10 bp.The results suggested that the genome size should be more suitable to be used as a characteristic index of biological research than the nuclear DNAcontents, because the genome contained all genes which maintain the organisms' survival and refelected the entire specific genetic informations. This study will provide valuable reference not only to Cytology,Taxonomy and Genetics,but also to Molecular biology.
The cell nuclear DNA contents in the root tip of several species of Liliaceae were measured by the Feulgen microspectrophotometry. The genome size of each species was calculated according to their nuclear types.They were as follows:A. cepa L.18. 16× 109 bp,A. chinese G. Don. 12. 84 ×10 bp,A.ascalonicum L. 10. 44 ×10 bp and H. citrina B. 7. 8 ×10 bp.The results suggested that the genome size should be more suitable to be used as a characteristic index of biological research than the nuclear DNAcontents, because the genome contained all genes which maintain the organisms' survival and refelected the entire specific genetic informations. This study will provide valuable reference not only to Cytology,Taxonomy and Genetics,but also to Molecular biology.
1996, 14(3): 204-206.
Abstract：
The pollen grain and anther of five species of the genus Magnolia were observed by scaning electron microscopy.The general morphological features were as follows:The shape of the pollen grain are ball or ellipsoid possessing monocolpate or not;The surface are smooth and fine or rough;The anther's epidermal cell are spindle or columnar, arrange close together,and sculpture are striate.
The pollen grain and anther of five species of the genus Magnolia were observed by scaning electron microscopy.The general morphological features were as follows:The shape of the pollen grain are ball or ellipsoid possessing monocolpate or not;The surface are smooth and fine or rough;The anther's epidermal cell are spindle or columnar, arrange close together,and sculpture are striate.
1996, 14(3): 207-212.
Abstract：
The geographical distribution and floral feature of the medicinal Pteridophytes in Jiangxi was described.It is rich the fern distributed at the north and southwest of Jiangxi.There are more genera distributed in Pantropic.It is great that fern species of growing type of land distrbuted in Jiangxi.Some of them are usual Chinese medicinal herbs.The resources of fern are rich in Jiangxi and must be rationally developed and utilized.
The geographical distribution and floral feature of the medicinal Pteridophytes in Jiangxi was described.It is rich the fern distributed at the north and southwest of Jiangxi.There are more genera distributed in Pantropic.It is great that fern species of growing type of land distrbuted in Jiangxi.Some of them are usual Chinese medicinal herbs.The resources of fern are rich in Jiangxi and must be rationally developed and utilized.
1996, 14(3): 213-222.
Abstract：
Hongyuan County is located in east margin region of Qinghai-Xizhang Plateau, and located in 31°5l'～33°20'N, 101°51'～103°2l'E, 12 aquatic plant communities distribut in the area. They are Co,Carex muliensis,Co. Carex pamirensis,Co. Equisetum flaviatile,Co Sparganium stoloniferum,Co.Catabrosa aquatica,Co.Beckmannia syziachne,Co.Myriophyllum spicatum, Co. Potamogeton crispus,Co. Potamogeton pectinatus, Co. Callitriche palustris. The above communities contain 45 species of aquatic vascular plants,North Temperate communities are main community in the area.
Hongyuan County is located in east margin region of Qinghai-Xizhang Plateau, and located in 31°5l'～33°20'N, 101°51'～103°2l'E, 12 aquatic plant communities distribut in the area. They are Co,Carex muliensis,Co. Carex pamirensis,Co. Equisetum flaviatile,Co Sparganium stoloniferum,Co.Catabrosa aquatica,Co.Beckmannia syziachne,Co.Myriophyllum spicatum, Co. Potamogeton crispus,Co. Potamogeton pectinatus, Co. Callitriche palustris. The above communities contain 45 species of aquatic vascular plants,North Temperate communities are main community in the area.
1996, 14(3): 223-230.
Abstract：
Pennisetum longissimum is a grass recorded by S. L.Chen and Y.X. Jin in 1984. The growth charcters, five nutritive components by the dry weight and the distribution of the plant in the different regions in Guizhou were Studied. The results showed that Pennisetum longissimum was a grass of both much biomass and high nutritive value. There was the value of further exploitation and utilization for the plant. And five natural concentrated areas of Pennisetum longissimum had been determined in Guizhou.
Pennisetum longissimum is a grass recorded by S. L.Chen and Y.X. Jin in 1984. The growth charcters, five nutritive components by the dry weight and the distribution of the plant in the different regions in Guizhou were Studied. The results showed that Pennisetum longissimum was a grass of both much biomass and high nutritive value. There was the value of further exploitation and utilization for the plant. And five natural concentrated areas of Pennisetum longissimum had been determined in Guizhou.
1996, 14(3): 231-239.
Abstract：
The physiological effects of fungal elicitors on the cell growth,the biosynthesis of saponin and polysaccharide and the peroxidase activity of Panax quinquefolium cells in suspension culture was reported. After treated with Colletotrichum nicoltianae mycelia elicitor, the productivity of total saponin of Panax quinquefolium cells in suspension culture went up from 296 mg / Lto 679 mg /L(about 16. 3 % DW),increasing 130% over the control, and about 85% of total saponin were excreted into the medium. The polysaccharide content of Panax quinquefolium cells treated with Aspergillus nigran elicitor increased to 11.79%,up more than 100% over the control.The cell growth of P. quinquefolium was firstly promoted by adding C.nicoltianae mycelia and Fusurium oxsporum filtration elicitors, meanwhile,the peroxidase activity in the cells and in the medium remarkable rose, and then both of the cell growth and the POD activity were inhibited.
The physiological effects of fungal elicitors on the cell growth,the biosynthesis of saponin and polysaccharide and the peroxidase activity of Panax quinquefolium cells in suspension culture was reported. After treated with Colletotrichum nicoltianae mycelia elicitor, the productivity of total saponin of Panax quinquefolium cells in suspension culture went up from 296 mg / Lto 679 mg /L(about 16. 3 % DW),increasing 130% over the control, and about 85% of total saponin were excreted into the medium. The polysaccharide content of Panax quinquefolium cells treated with Aspergillus nigran elicitor increased to 11.79%,up more than 100% over the control.The cell growth of P. quinquefolium was firstly promoted by adding C.nicoltianae mycelia and Fusurium oxsporum filtration elicitors, meanwhile,the peroxidase activity in the cells and in the medium remarkable rose, and then both of the cell growth and the POD activity were inhibited.
1996, 14(3): 247-252.
Abstract：
The tissue culture and cryopreservation of 7 species of wild rice,were studied. Main results are as follows:1.By preculturing→pretreating→freezing →liquid nitrogen preserving→rapid thawing,the highest cell survival percentage of wild rice calli was 87. 9% 2.The best cryoprotectant wsa 10% DMSO plus 8% glucose for wild rice cryopreservation.And the optimal freezing procedure was:0℃(这里有图片19960309-247-1.GIF)-40℃,60min→liquid nitrogen.3.Regenerative plantlets were obtained after cryopreservation in Oryza rufipogon,O.latifolia and O. meyeriana. 4. Embryogenic callus formed after cryopreservation in O.meyeriana. And a large number of regenerative plantlets were obtained through the somatic embryogenesis way.
The tissue culture and cryopreservation of 7 species of wild rice,were studied. Main results are as follows:1.By preculturing→pretreating→freezing →liquid nitrogen preserving→rapid thawing,the highest cell survival percentage of wild rice calli was 87. 9% 2.The best cryoprotectant wsa 10% DMSO plus 8% glucose for wild rice cryopreservation.And the optimal freezing procedure was:0℃(这里有图片19960309-247-1.GIF)-40℃,60min→liquid nitrogen.3.Regenerative plantlets were obtained after cryopreservation in Oryza rufipogon,O.latifolia and O. meyeriana. 4. Embryogenic callus formed after cryopreservation in O.meyeriana. And a large number of regenerative plantlets were obtained through the somatic embryogenesis way.
1996, 14(3): 253-260.
Abstract：
The most obvious difference between Spirulina medium and other algal medium is the high concentration of HCO3 and CO32- in Spirulina medium. The influence of carbon concentration.temperature,pH-value,salinity and movement of medium upon the CO2 absorption rate are investigated quantitatively,and the mechanism are explained by using the physical model of absorption of CO2 by Spirulina medium. Whether the chemical reaction influences the CO2 absorption rate has been a contentious question, this question is discussed in this paper. It is pointed out that the chemical reaction certainly influences the CO2 absorption rate,but whether the influence is observed or not mainly depends on the movement of medium.The theoretic value of working area is calculated according to the desired productivity,carbon concentration and movement of medium in the case of supply CO2 by means of"gasometer". By using the concept of medium's "CO2 capacity", it is demonstrated that higher carbon conversion ratio can be achieved,and more benefite can be got to produce Spirulina by using CO2 as carbon source compared with other kind of algae.
The most obvious difference between Spirulina medium and other algal medium is the high concentration of HCO3 and CO32- in Spirulina medium. The influence of carbon concentration.temperature,pH-value,salinity and movement of medium upon the CO2 absorption rate are investigated quantitatively,and the mechanism are explained by using the physical model of absorption of CO2 by Spirulina medium. Whether the chemical reaction influences the CO2 absorption rate has been a contentious question, this question is discussed in this paper. It is pointed out that the chemical reaction certainly influences the CO2 absorption rate,but whether the influence is observed or not mainly depends on the movement of medium.The theoretic value of working area is calculated according to the desired productivity,carbon concentration and movement of medium in the case of supply CO2 by means of"gasometer". By using the concept of medium's "CO2 capacity", it is demonstrated that higher carbon conversion ratio can be achieved,and more benefite can be got to produce Spirulina by using CO2 as carbon source compared with other kind of algae.
1996, 14(3): 261-268.
1996, 14(3): 269-278.
1996, 14(3): 279-286.
1996, 14(3): 287-288.
