2011 Vol. 29 No. 2
2011, 29(2): 141-148.
Abstract：
Tree species diversity and community structure along the altitudinal gradient were analyzed through quadrat investigation at Rhinopithecus roxellana habitat of Shennongjia Nature Reserve.Major results include:(1) 289 woody species from 23 genera and 37 families were recorded in the 160 sampled plots,including 198 tree species from 90 genera and 25 families,84 shrub species from 29 genera and 7 families and 7 liana species from 4 genera and 5 families.Rosaceae,Caprifoliaceae,Lauraceae,Fagaceae,and Ericaceae were the dominant families.(2) Based on the difference in tree species composition at different altitudes,vegetation of the study area was divided into Deciduous Broad-leaved Forest(1900-2100 m),Coniferous and Broad-leaved Mixed Forest(2200-2400 m),and Dark Coniferous Forest(2500-2600 m).(3) The Shannon-Wiener index of the tree layers decreased with increasing elevation;the Pielou’s index decreased with increasing elevation in the Coniferous and Broad-leaved Mixed Forest and the Dark Coniferous Forest,whereas showed no significant change in the Defoliate Broad-leaved Forest.(4) The proportion of the first tree layer(>20 m) decreased as elevation rose,the proportion of the second tree layer(10-20 m) showed no distinct change and the proportion of the third tree layer(<10 m) increased.(5) As height of trees indicates age,the population age structure of nine dominant tree species showed that the tree layer had a steadily increasing trend in the study area.
Tree species diversity and community structure along the altitudinal gradient were analyzed through quadrat investigation at Rhinopithecus roxellana habitat of Shennongjia Nature Reserve.Major results include:(1) 289 woody species from 23 genera and 37 families were recorded in the 160 sampled plots,including 198 tree species from 90 genera and 25 families,84 shrub species from 29 genera and 7 families and 7 liana species from 4 genera and 5 families.Rosaceae,Caprifoliaceae,Lauraceae,Fagaceae,and Ericaceae were the dominant families.(2) Based on the difference in tree species composition at different altitudes,vegetation of the study area was divided into Deciduous Broad-leaved Forest(1900-2100 m),Coniferous and Broad-leaved Mixed Forest(2200-2400 m),and Dark Coniferous Forest(2500-2600 m).(3) The Shannon-Wiener index of the tree layers decreased with increasing elevation;the Pielou’s index decreased with increasing elevation in the Coniferous and Broad-leaved Mixed Forest and the Dark Coniferous Forest,whereas showed no significant change in the Defoliate Broad-leaved Forest.(4) The proportion of the first tree layer(>20 m) decreased as elevation rose,the proportion of the second tree layer(10-20 m) showed no distinct change and the proportion of the third tree layer(<10 m) increased.(5) As height of trees indicates age,the population age structure of nine dominant tree species showed that the tree layer had a steadily increasing trend in the study area.
2011, 29(2): 149-155.
Abstract：
The effects of invasion by Solidago canadensis on plant species diversity in semi-natural woodland were studied.Results showed that plant diversity of the woodland decreased with severe invasion by S.canadensis.No significant differences were found between the control plot and the spreading plot(where the coverage of S.canadensis was less than 40%);nevertheless,Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index,and evenness index of the control plot and spreading plot were higher than the invaded plot(where the coverage of S.canadensis was more than 70%).Plant species diversity varied greatly among the different plots in different seasons.Simpson index and the Shannon-Wiener index decreased linearly from April to November 2009,but increased again in January 2010.From June to October 2009,plant diversity suffered the most damage from the invasion of S.canadensis as its rapid vegetative propa-gation capacity played a key role in successfully competing with indigenous plants for limited resources.This notorious invasive plant caused severe and negative effects on plant diversity in woodlands by conquering habitat through high vegetative propagation,in spite of the limitation of growth under woodlands.
The effects of invasion by Solidago canadensis on plant species diversity in semi-natural woodland were studied.Results showed that plant diversity of the woodland decreased with severe invasion by S.canadensis.No significant differences were found between the control plot and the spreading plot(where the coverage of S.canadensis was less than 40%);nevertheless,Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index,and evenness index of the control plot and spreading plot were higher than the invaded plot(where the coverage of S.canadensis was more than 70%).Plant species diversity varied greatly among the different plots in different seasons.Simpson index and the Shannon-Wiener index decreased linearly from April to November 2009,but increased again in January 2010.From June to October 2009,plant diversity suffered the most damage from the invasion of S.canadensis as its rapid vegetative propa-gation capacity played a key role in successfully competing with indigenous plants for limited resources.This notorious invasive plant caused severe and negative effects on plant diversity in woodlands by conquering habitat through high vegetative propagation,in spite of the limitation of growth under woodlands.
2011, 29(2): 156-163.
Abstract：
The paper investigated the seasonal variations in the community structure of endophytic bacteria in the root tissues of Cymbidium faberi Rolfe.A total of 207 bacterial isolates were obtained in different seasons.Based on the pattern of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis(ARDRA) using restriction enzyme Alu I,the bacteria were grouped into 25 operational taxonomic units(OTUs).Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA gene homological data showed that all isolates affiliated to nine genera,consisting of Bacillus,Burkholderia,Paenibacillus,Pseudomonas,Microbacterium,Rhizobium,Lysinibacillus,Cohnella and Brevibacterium.Bacillus dominated among the bacterial isolates,followed by Paenibacillus and Burkholderia.Isolate diversity was lowest in summer and highest in September.The correlation between the community structure of endophytic bacteria and seasonal factors reached a highly significant level(p<0.001).However,the dominant species of the bacterial communities in Cymbidium faberi did not change significantly.
The paper investigated the seasonal variations in the community structure of endophytic bacteria in the root tissues of Cymbidium faberi Rolfe.A total of 207 bacterial isolates were obtained in different seasons.Based on the pattern of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis(ARDRA) using restriction enzyme Alu I,the bacteria were grouped into 25 operational taxonomic units(OTUs).Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA gene homological data showed that all isolates affiliated to nine genera,consisting of Bacillus,Burkholderia,Paenibacillus,Pseudomonas,Microbacterium,Rhizobium,Lysinibacillus,Cohnella and Brevibacterium.Bacillus dominated among the bacterial isolates,followed by Paenibacillus and Burkholderia.Isolate diversity was lowest in summer and highest in September.The correlation between the community structure of endophytic bacteria and seasonal factors reached a highly significant level(p<0.001).However,the dominant species of the bacterial communities in Cymbidium faberi did not change significantly.
2011, 29(2): 164-170.
Abstract：
Characteristics of soil seed banks in the lakeshore marsh of Bang Lake,a part of Poyang Lake,were studied under moist and inundation conditions using the germination test.A total of 33 species belonging to 15 families and 29 genera were recorded in the seed banks,with most being annual herbs.The most abundant families were Cyperaceae,Gramineae,Compositae,Scrophulariaceae,and Hydrocharitaceae.There was no significant difference in species richness and seedling density among water level zones.A total of 21 species were detected under moist condition,while 23 were detected under inundation conditions.A t-test showed that species richness in each germinated tray under inundation conditions(7.2±2.8) was significantly higher than that under moist conditions(4.2±2.0).No significant difference in seedling density was found between moist and inundation conditions.Seedlings germinated under moist conditions were mainly composed of mud-flat and emergent species,while those under inundation conditions included seven submerged species.According to the above results,this paper discusses the important role of spring water levels of the Poyang Lake in terms of vegetation development and conservation in littoral zones.
Characteristics of soil seed banks in the lakeshore marsh of Bang Lake,a part of Poyang Lake,were studied under moist and inundation conditions using the germination test.A total of 33 species belonging to 15 families and 29 genera were recorded in the seed banks,with most being annual herbs.The most abundant families were Cyperaceae,Gramineae,Compositae,Scrophulariaceae,and Hydrocharitaceae.There was no significant difference in species richness and seedling density among water level zones.A total of 21 species were detected under moist condition,while 23 were detected under inundation conditions.A t-test showed that species richness in each germinated tray under inundation conditions(7.2±2.8) was significantly higher than that under moist conditions(4.2±2.0).No significant difference in seedling density was found between moist and inundation conditions.Seedlings germinated under moist conditions were mainly composed of mud-flat and emergent species,while those under inundation conditions included seven submerged species.According to the above results,this paper discusses the important role of spring water levels of the Poyang Lake in terms of vegetation development and conservation in littoral zones.
2011, 29(2): 171-177.
Abstract：
The meiosis and chromosome behavior of microsporocytes in Populus adenopoda were studied by aceto-carmine squash technique.The meiosis of the pollen mother cells of P.adenopoda showed a high correlation to external characters of male flower buds/inflorescences and anther color.The normal behavior of chromosome indicated a high degree of homology among the homologous chromosomes of P.adenopoda.However,the appearance of paralleled spindles at metaphase Ⅱ may result in big pollen grains.The varied number of nucleoli during meiosis of microsporocytes was probably due to ancient polyploid origin of Populus.The differences in the processes of meiosis in P.adenopoda occurred not only in different buds,but also in different parts of the flower bud.This meiosis asynchronicity was an important character of evolution for environmental adaptation during sexual reproduction of the genus.
The meiosis and chromosome behavior of microsporocytes in Populus adenopoda were studied by aceto-carmine squash technique.The meiosis of the pollen mother cells of P.adenopoda showed a high correlation to external characters of male flower buds/inflorescences and anther color.The normal behavior of chromosome indicated a high degree of homology among the homologous chromosomes of P.adenopoda.However,the appearance of paralleled spindles at metaphase Ⅱ may result in big pollen grains.The varied number of nucleoli during meiosis of microsporocytes was probably due to ancient polyploid origin of Populus.The differences in the processes of meiosis in P.adenopoda occurred not only in different buds,but also in different parts of the flower bud.This meiosis asynchronicity was an important character of evolution for environmental adaptation during sexual reproduction of the genus.
2011, 29(2): 178-182.
Abstract：
Based on the ESTs derived from previous microarray results under salt stress,the full-length cDNAs of two salt-inducible genes(SlSRG1,SlSRG2) were isolated from a salt tolerant tomato cultivar,Edkawi,using Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends(RACE).The accession numbers of SlSRG1 and SlSRG2 in GenBank are EU670751and EU670752,respectively.The corresponding cDNAs are 1300 bp and 1810 bp in length and the deduced proteins contain 287 and 499 amino acids,respectively.Tissue expression profile analysis using semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that SlSRG1 was expressed mainly in the stem,leaf and flower,while SlSRG2 was expressed at a very high level in the leaf and flower.Upon salt stress,SlSRG1 was induced slowly,while SlSRG2 was induced rapidly in Edkawi;however,the general trend of their expression in the untreated control was declining.These two genes are potential novel candidates for abiotic tolerance research in tomato.
Based on the ESTs derived from previous microarray results under salt stress,the full-length cDNAs of two salt-inducible genes(SlSRG1,SlSRG2) were isolated from a salt tolerant tomato cultivar,Edkawi,using Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends(RACE).The accession numbers of SlSRG1 and SlSRG2 in GenBank are EU670751and EU670752,respectively.The corresponding cDNAs are 1300 bp and 1810 bp in length and the deduced proteins contain 287 and 499 amino acids,respectively.Tissue expression profile analysis using semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that SlSRG1 was expressed mainly in the stem,leaf and flower,while SlSRG2 was expressed at a very high level in the leaf and flower.Upon salt stress,SlSRG1 was induced slowly,while SlSRG2 was induced rapidly in Edkawi;however,the general trend of their expression in the untreated control was declining.These two genes are potential novel candidates for abiotic tolerance research in tomato.
2011, 29(2): 183-187.
Abstract：
Buds selected at different developmental stages of a new germplasm sterile male of non-heading Chinese cabbage and its maintainer lines were studied.Anthers were collected,made into paraffin sections,stained,and observed by electron microscopy.Results show that non-heading Chinese cabbage sterile male lines and maintainer lines exhibited quite different anther development.Male sterile lines in relation to anther development were inhibited at the stage of archesporial cell,produced only 1-3 anther sacs,and formed normal sporogenous cells.The cells gradually disintegrated,formated cavity,and finally shrunk inward.The maintainer archesporial cells formed normal anther sacs,formed sporogenous cell,and ultimately formed anthers with normal pollen.
Buds selected at different developmental stages of a new germplasm sterile male of non-heading Chinese cabbage and its maintainer lines were studied.Anthers were collected,made into paraffin sections,stained,and observed by electron microscopy.Results show that non-heading Chinese cabbage sterile male lines and maintainer lines exhibited quite different anther development.Male sterile lines in relation to anther development were inhibited at the stage of archesporial cell,produced only 1-3 anther sacs,and formed normal sporogenous cells.The cells gradually disintegrated,formated cavity,and finally shrunk inward.The maintainer archesporial cells formed normal anther sacs,formed sporogenous cell,and ultimately formed anthers with normal pollen.
2011, 29(2): 188-193.
Abstract：
Distant hybridization of a new kind of cytoplasmic male sterility of Brassica napus(2n=4x=38) and Purple-Caitai was carried out.Purple-Caitai was used as the recurrent parent to continue backcross.Agronomic and quality traits of the hybrids and backcross progenies of Brassica napus×Purple-Caitai were analyzed.The results showed that the donor parent and the recipient parent exhibited nucleus replacement,the values of agronomic traits and quality traits of hybridization and backcross progenies had a certain fluctuation and the higher the generation of material,the more similar to the recurrent parent,while the variation range of lower generation was wide.
Distant hybridization of a new kind of cytoplasmic male sterility of Brassica napus(2n=4x=38) and Purple-Caitai was carried out.Purple-Caitai was used as the recurrent parent to continue backcross.Agronomic and quality traits of the hybrids and backcross progenies of Brassica napus×Purple-Caitai were analyzed.The results showed that the donor parent and the recipient parent exhibited nucleus replacement,the values of agronomic traits and quality traits of hybridization and backcross progenies had a certain fluctuation and the higher the generation of material,the more similar to the recurrent parent,while the variation range of lower generation was wide.
2011, 29(2): 194-199.
Abstract：
To study the jute’Yue Yuan 6’sterile mutant types and its sterile mechanism,morphological observation of pollen grain,iodine-dye assay,sprouting of pollen assay in vitro and pollination field experiments were carried out.The ’Yue Yuan 6’sterile mutants were female-sterile type.Soluble sugar and the soluble protein displayed dynamic change differently along with the growth time in functional leaves and flowers between the sterile mutant materials and the fertile materials.The content of soluble sugars in the sterile mutant material were lower than the fertile material in bud previous stage in functional leaves;however,this was opposite in the bud phase and productive phase(16.0% and 33.3%,respectively).Content of soluble sugar was lower in bud tissue of sterile mutant material than the fertile materials(15.5%).Soluble protein expression quantity in functional leaves and bud tissues of the fertile material were higher compared to the sterile mutant material in three different periods(3.9%,29.2%,79.1%,11.9%,respectively).The expression of metabolic difference of the above-mentioned may be related to female sterility.
To study the jute’Yue Yuan 6’sterile mutant types and its sterile mechanism,morphological observation of pollen grain,iodine-dye assay,sprouting of pollen assay in vitro and pollination field experiments were carried out.The ’Yue Yuan 6’sterile mutants were female-sterile type.Soluble sugar and the soluble protein displayed dynamic change differently along with the growth time in functional leaves and flowers between the sterile mutant materials and the fertile materials.The content of soluble sugars in the sterile mutant material were lower than the fertile material in bud previous stage in functional leaves;however,this was opposite in the bud phase and productive phase(16.0% and 33.3%,respectively).Content of soluble sugar was lower in bud tissue of sterile mutant material than the fertile materials(15.5%).Soluble protein expression quantity in functional leaves and bud tissues of the fertile material were higher compared to the sterile mutant material in three different periods(3.9%,29.2%,79.1%,11.9%,respectively).The expression of metabolic difference of the above-mentioned may be related to female sterility.
2011, 29(2): 200-205.
Abstract：
Microfilament patterns during pollen germination and pollen tube growth were observed with no pre-fixation using dimethylsulphoxide(DMSO)as a permeabilising agent and FITC-Phalloidin as the stain.The main results were:(1) Pollen germinated after hydration for 2 min and growth speed of the pollen tube was between 600-1500 μm/h.(2) In the hydration of the pollen grains without germination,a number of short fusiform microfilaments constituted a network-like structure.In the germination process,some microfilaments gradually transferred to the pollen tube as the short fusiform microfilaments were released along the pollen tube longitudinally.For pollen tube elongation,microfilaments were mainly in the middle and front region of pollen tube,but there were no obvious microfilaments in the tip of pollen tube.(3) The distribution of microfilaments was diffuse and irregular in certain non-germination pollen.Some pollen germinated at same time but were shorter,with fewer microfilaments gathered in the region near the apertures.These results indicated that the distribution of microfilament cytoskeleton affected the germination and growth of rice pollen tubes.
Microfilament patterns during pollen germination and pollen tube growth were observed with no pre-fixation using dimethylsulphoxide(DMSO)as a permeabilising agent and FITC-Phalloidin as the stain.The main results were:(1) Pollen germinated after hydration for 2 min and growth speed of the pollen tube was between 600-1500 μm/h.(2) In the hydration of the pollen grains without germination,a number of short fusiform microfilaments constituted a network-like structure.In the germination process,some microfilaments gradually transferred to the pollen tube as the short fusiform microfilaments were released along the pollen tube longitudinally.For pollen tube elongation,microfilaments were mainly in the middle and front region of pollen tube,but there were no obvious microfilaments in the tip of pollen tube.(3) The distribution of microfilaments was diffuse and irregular in certain non-germination pollen.Some pollen germinated at same time but were shorter,with fewer microfilaments gathered in the region near the apertures.These results indicated that the distribution of microfilament cytoskeleton affected the germination and growth of rice pollen tubes.
2011, 29(2): 206-211.
Abstract：
Pot experiments were conducted using Yoshida culture solution with two rice varieties(Wuyujing-3 and Yangdao-6) to study the effects of glutamine synthetase inhibitor methionine sulfoximine(MSO) and photorespiration inhibitor isonicotinyl hydrazine(INH) on the ammonia volatilization rate(AVR),photorespiration rate(Pr) and glutamine synthetase(GS) activity in rice.The results showed that:(1)MSO decreased the Pn,but increased the Pr in the flag leaf;INH decreased the Pr significantly and Pn slightly.(2)MSO decreased GS activity,which promoted an increase in AVR in rice canopy.INH showed a slightly positive effect on the decrease in AVR.(3)Based on the comparison between the two tested varieties,the higher AVR variety(Yangdao-6) showed greater GS activity and lower Pr than those of the lower AVR variety(Wuyujing-3).
Pot experiments were conducted using Yoshida culture solution with two rice varieties(Wuyujing-3 and Yangdao-6) to study the effects of glutamine synthetase inhibitor methionine sulfoximine(MSO) and photorespiration inhibitor isonicotinyl hydrazine(INH) on the ammonia volatilization rate(AVR),photorespiration rate(Pr) and glutamine synthetase(GS) activity in rice.The results showed that:(1)MSO decreased the Pn,but increased the Pr in the flag leaf;INH decreased the Pr significantly and Pn slightly.(2)MSO decreased GS activity,which promoted an increase in AVR in rice canopy.INH showed a slightly positive effect on the decrease in AVR.(3)Based on the comparison between the two tested varieties,the higher AVR variety(Yangdao-6) showed greater GS activity and lower Pr than those of the lower AVR variety(Wuyujing-3).
2011, 29(2): 212-217.
Abstract：
Primula filchnerae,which disappeared more than one hundred years ago and was assumed extinct,was rediscovered in 2006 in Zhuxi and Zhushan County,Hubei Province,China.Studies on seed germination and seedling formation of P.filchnerae will contribute to the protection of the species and its landscape development.Seeds of P.filchnerae were small and the thousand seed weight was 0.90±0.12 g.We determined 25℃,2700 lx and fresh seeds as the optimum condition for seed germination.The seedling rate,however,was only about 25% and the seedling germination ratio was significantly lower than other conditions.Seed dormancy occurred at 29℃;however 200 mg/L gibberellins(GA3) treatment significantly increased the germination rate,decreased the time to start germination,seedling rate and seedling germination ratio.After more than two months of high temperature and high humidity(29℃ germination condition) treatment,the germination rate of all un-germinated seeds remained unchanged but the time to start germination decreased significantly when they were transferred to 25℃.These results showed that dormancy at high temperature followed by soaking with 20 mg/L GA3 before seed germination,significantly increased the germination rate,seedling rate and seedling germination ratio of P.filchnerae.
Primula filchnerae,which disappeared more than one hundred years ago and was assumed extinct,was rediscovered in 2006 in Zhuxi and Zhushan County,Hubei Province,China.Studies on seed germination and seedling formation of P.filchnerae will contribute to the protection of the species and its landscape development.Seeds of P.filchnerae were small and the thousand seed weight was 0.90±0.12 g.We determined 25℃,2700 lx and fresh seeds as the optimum condition for seed germination.The seedling rate,however,was only about 25% and the seedling germination ratio was significantly lower than other conditions.Seed dormancy occurred at 29℃;however 200 mg/L gibberellins(GA3) treatment significantly increased the germination rate,decreased the time to start germination,seedling rate and seedling germination ratio.After more than two months of high temperature and high humidity(29℃ germination condition) treatment,the germination rate of all un-germinated seeds remained unchanged but the time to start germination decreased significantly when they were transferred to 25℃.These results showed that dormancy at high temperature followed by soaking with 20 mg/L GA3 before seed germination,significantly increased the germination rate,seedling rate and seedling germination ratio of P.filchnerae.
2011, 29(2): 218-225.
Abstract：
Leaf anatomy characteristics and plasticity of Medicago ruthenica from four populations(Keyouzhongqi and Keshiketengqi,Inner Mongolia;Nanniwan,Shaanxi and Xinglong Mountain,Gansu)treated by different water conditions(dry,moderately dry and wet) were surveyed.Results show that: the soil-water conditions had a significant effect on leaf anatomy characteristics except the wall thickness of the upper and lower epidermis cells.In most populations,palisade tissue thickness,leaf thickness,cell tense ratio,vein protuberant degree,and thickness ratio of palisade tissue and spongy tissue increased with decreasing water,while spongy tissue thickness and ratio decreased with reduction of water.The leaf structure of Medicago ruthenica exhibited plasticity,particularly in the thickness ratio of palisade tissue and spongy tissue,though the leaf thickness remained relatively stable.The order of the mean plasticity index was KY>KQ>NN>XLS.Analysis of variation and Duncan’s multiple comparison showed that overall phenotypic plasticity of the Keyouzhongqi and Keshiketengqi populations was higher than the other two,which is perhaps related with different habitats of the species.This study has practical implications for the selection of high quality forage grass.
Leaf anatomy characteristics and plasticity of Medicago ruthenica from four populations(Keyouzhongqi and Keshiketengqi,Inner Mongolia;Nanniwan,Shaanxi and Xinglong Mountain,Gansu)treated by different water conditions(dry,moderately dry and wet) were surveyed.Results show that: the soil-water conditions had a significant effect on leaf anatomy characteristics except the wall thickness of the upper and lower epidermis cells.In most populations,palisade tissue thickness,leaf thickness,cell tense ratio,vein protuberant degree,and thickness ratio of palisade tissue and spongy tissue increased with decreasing water,while spongy tissue thickness and ratio decreased with reduction of water.The leaf structure of Medicago ruthenica exhibited plasticity,particularly in the thickness ratio of palisade tissue and spongy tissue,though the leaf thickness remained relatively stable.The order of the mean plasticity index was KY>KQ>NN>XLS.Analysis of variation and Duncan’s multiple comparison showed that overall phenotypic plasticity of the Keyouzhongqi and Keshiketengqi populations was higher than the other two,which is perhaps related with different habitats of the species.This study has practical implications for the selection of high quality forage grass.
Abstract：
Photosynthetic characteristics of Ottelia alismoides and Hydrilla verticillata were studied after the two species were incubated under low CO2 conditions.The PEPC/Rubisco ratio of O.alismoides increased from 0.45 to 4.17 and of H.verticillata increased from 0.47 to 4.17 after low CO2 induction.The activity of PEPC and NAD-ME increased more than 10-fold and other C4 enzymes such as NAD-MDH and PPDK also increased significantly after low CO2 induction.Other photosynthetic characteristics also changed significantly.The net photosynthetic rate of O.alismoides and H.verticillata increased by 50.8% and 74.1%,respectively,and the oxygen inhibition on photosynthetic rate of the two species decreased to 35% and 60%,respectively,after low CO2 induction.The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters also changed after low CO2 induction.All these facts indicated that photosynthetic carbon assimilation of O.alismoides and H.verticillata might shift from C3 to C4 after low CO2 induction.
Photosynthetic characteristics of Ottelia alismoides and Hydrilla verticillata were studied after the two species were incubated under low CO2 conditions.The PEPC/Rubisco ratio of O.alismoides increased from 0.45 to 4.17 and of H.verticillata increased from 0.47 to 4.17 after low CO2 induction.The activity of PEPC and NAD-ME increased more than 10-fold and other C4 enzymes such as NAD-MDH and PPDK also increased significantly after low CO2 induction.Other photosynthetic characteristics also changed significantly.The net photosynthetic rate of O.alismoides and H.verticillata increased by 50.8% and 74.1%,respectively,and the oxygen inhibition on photosynthetic rate of the two species decreased to 35% and 60%,respectively,after low CO2 induction.The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters also changed after low CO2 induction.All these facts indicated that photosynthetic carbon assimilation of O.alismoides and H.verticillata might shift from C3 to C4 after low CO2 induction.
2011, 29(2): 234-237.
Abstract：
Nine compounds,methyl lecanorate(Ⅰ),lecanoric acid(Ⅱ),gyrophoric acid(Ⅲ),orcinol(Ⅳ),methyl orsellinate(Ⅴ),skyrin(Ⅵ),meso-erythritol(Ⅶ),volemitol(Ⅷ),and palmitic acid(Ⅸ) were isolated from Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides Lév.collected from Laojunshan Lijiang in Yunnan province.Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the data reported in literature.Compounds Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ were isolated from Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides Lév.for the first time.Compounds Ⅲ and Ⅵ were the main characteristic components of Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides Lév.
Nine compounds,methyl lecanorate(Ⅰ),lecanoric acid(Ⅱ),gyrophoric acid(Ⅲ),orcinol(Ⅳ),methyl orsellinate(Ⅴ),skyrin(Ⅵ),meso-erythritol(Ⅶ),volemitol(Ⅷ),and palmitic acid(Ⅸ) were isolated from Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides Lév.collected from Laojunshan Lijiang in Yunnan province.Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the data reported in literature.Compounds Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ were isolated from Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides Lév.for the first time.Compounds Ⅲ and Ⅵ were the main characteristic components of Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides Lév.
2011, 29(2): 238-242.
Abstract：
The chromatogram fingerprint of the compound Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet) Nakai was established by HPLC.Analysis was performed on a YPW-Kromasil TM-C18 analytical column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with methanol(A) and 1% glacial acetic acid(B) as mobile phases in gradient mode.The column temperature was set at 30℃ and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min with the detection wavelength of 290 nm.By analyzing the fingerprint chromatogram,Chaenomeles speciosa showed 11 characteristic peaks established from 19 specimens.The similarity of each specimen was good.The accuracy,repeatability,and stability of this method were satisfied,the RSDs of relative retention time and area of aimed peaks existed in all samples.Results showed that the chromatographic fingerprint of Chaenomeles speciosa with high characteristics and specificity can be used as theories dependence to control its quality.
The chromatogram fingerprint of the compound Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet) Nakai was established by HPLC.Analysis was performed on a YPW-Kromasil TM-C18 analytical column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with methanol(A) and 1% glacial acetic acid(B) as mobile phases in gradient mode.The column temperature was set at 30℃ and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min with the detection wavelength of 290 nm.By analyzing the fingerprint chromatogram,Chaenomeles speciosa showed 11 characteristic peaks established from 19 specimens.The similarity of each specimen was good.The accuracy,repeatability,and stability of this method were satisfied,the RSDs of relative retention time and area of aimed peaks existed in all samples.Results showed that the chromatographic fingerprint of Chaenomeles speciosa with high characteristics and specificity can be used as theories dependence to control its quality.
2011, 29(2): 243-247.
Abstract：
The aim of this study was to develope species-specific molecular marker for identification of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and that with their adulterant Cayratia japonica,in order to avoid adulteration that affects the quality and quantity of G.pentaphyllum The first,twenty 10-bp random primers were picked out from more than 2000 random primers and then divided randomly into four terms that were consist of five random primers.The second,Genomic DNAs of seven G.pentaphyllum from different places in Guangxi,China,were amplified using a PCR-based RAPD technique and the same manipulation was repeated to confirm species-specific DNA fragment which was the one of RAPD produts.The last,with getting the message of cloning and sequencing of the RAPD products,the species-specific primer was designed and synthesized to amplify fresh leaves and dried medicines of G.pentaphyllum,Cayratia japonica and so on.As anticipated,the genomic DNAs of G.pentaphyllum were only amplified a band and that of others were amplified no band,using the species-specific primer and so sequence-characterized amplified region(SCAR) marker were developed.The SCAR marker are potentially useful for the identification of G.pentaphyllum in Guangxi and their adulterant Cayratia japonica,also other plants.In addition.This is the first report of species-specific SCAR development in G.pentaphyllum.
The aim of this study was to develope species-specific molecular marker for identification of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and that with their adulterant Cayratia japonica,in order to avoid adulteration that affects the quality and quantity of G.pentaphyllum The first,twenty 10-bp random primers were picked out from more than 2000 random primers and then divided randomly into four terms that were consist of five random primers.The second,Genomic DNAs of seven G.pentaphyllum from different places in Guangxi,China,were amplified using a PCR-based RAPD technique and the same manipulation was repeated to confirm species-specific DNA fragment which was the one of RAPD produts.The last,with getting the message of cloning and sequencing of the RAPD products,the species-specific primer was designed and synthesized to amplify fresh leaves and dried medicines of G.pentaphyllum,Cayratia japonica and so on.As anticipated,the genomic DNAs of G.pentaphyllum were only amplified a band and that of others were amplified no band,using the species-specific primer and so sequence-characterized amplified region(SCAR) marker were developed.The SCAR marker are potentially useful for the identification of G.pentaphyllum in Guangxi and their adulterant Cayratia japonica,also other plants.In addition.This is the first report of species-specific SCAR development in G.pentaphyllum.
2011, 29(2): 248-249.
Abstract：
Oxytropis prostrata(Pall.)DC.,occurring in eastern Mongolia and eastern Siberia of Russia,was discovered recently in Hulunber of Inner Mongolia,China.It is characterized by the following traits: individuals prostrate,stipules adnate to a petiole or thickly covered with villi,apex of leaflet obtuse to emarginate,beak of keel ca.2 mm long,legumes and ovaries glabrous.
Oxytropis prostrata(Pall.)DC.,occurring in eastern Mongolia and eastern Siberia of Russia,was discovered recently in Hulunber of Inner Mongolia,China.It is characterized by the following traits: individuals prostrate,stipules adnate to a petiole or thickly covered with villi,apex of leaflet obtuse to emarginate,beak of keel ca.2 mm long,legumes and ovaries glabrous.
2011, 29(2): 250-255.
Abstract：
Cryptomonads exist in many types of freshwater.Cryptomonas ovata Ehrenberg,Cryptomonas erosa Ehrenberg are the most common species in Chinese reports.In fact,cryptomonads diversity was often overlooked because of the absence of Cryptophyta taxonomic articles in Chinese research,and the reports about cryptomonads may be incorrect.Samples were collected in various areas of Lake Donghu in Wuhan from 2009 to 2010.Eight cryptomonads species belonging to four genera were identified,specifically Cryptomonas ovata Ehrenberg,Cryptomonas erosa Ehrenberg,Cryptomonas pyrenoidifera Geitler,Cryptomonas parapyrenoidifera Skuja,Cryptomonas marssonii Skuja,Campylomonas reflexa(Skuja) Hill,Storeatula rhinosa Kugrens,Clay & Lee and Komma caudate(Geitler) Hill.Both Cryptomonas parapyrenoidifera Skuja and Storeatula rhinosa Kugrens,Clay & Lee were new records in China.Chroomonas acuta UtermÖhl,as the synonym of Komma caudate(Geitler) Hill,has been reported several times before in China.
Cryptomonads exist in many types of freshwater.Cryptomonas ovata Ehrenberg,Cryptomonas erosa Ehrenberg are the most common species in Chinese reports.In fact,cryptomonads diversity was often overlooked because of the absence of Cryptophyta taxonomic articles in Chinese research,and the reports about cryptomonads may be incorrect.Samples were collected in various areas of Lake Donghu in Wuhan from 2009 to 2010.Eight cryptomonads species belonging to four genera were identified,specifically Cryptomonas ovata Ehrenberg,Cryptomonas erosa Ehrenberg,Cryptomonas pyrenoidifera Geitler,Cryptomonas parapyrenoidifera Skuja,Cryptomonas marssonii Skuja,Campylomonas reflexa(Skuja) Hill,Storeatula rhinosa Kugrens,Clay & Lee and Komma caudate(Geitler) Hill.Both Cryptomonas parapyrenoidifera Skuja and Storeatula rhinosa Kugrens,Clay & Lee were new records in China.Chroomonas acuta UtermÖhl,as the synonym of Komma caudate(Geitler) Hill,has been reported several times before in China.
2011, 29(2): 256-259.
Abstract：
New record genus and species of Cyanophyta from China are reported in the pre-sent paper.The new record genus and species determined are Radiocystis Skuja and Radiocystis geminata Skuja,which appeared in Lake South Taihu and Jin-Shui-Tan Reservoir,Zhejiang Province.
New record genus and species of Cyanophyta from China are reported in the pre-sent paper.The new record genus and species determined are Radiocystis Skuja and Radiocystis geminata Skuja,which appeared in Lake South Taihu and Jin-Shui-Tan Reservoir,Zhejiang Province.
2011, 29(2): 260-264.
Abstract：
Four species of Surirellaceae(Bacillariophyta) are first reported in China from Xinjiang and Yunnan Province in this paper,specifically Cymatopleura cochlea Brun,Surirella visurgis Hustedt,Campylodiscus clypeus Ehrenberg and Campylodiscus levanderi Hustedt.The taxonomic characters,light microscopy(LM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)photos and ecological affinities were described for each taxon.
Four species of Surirellaceae(Bacillariophyta) are first reported in China from Xinjiang and Yunnan Province in this paper,specifically Cymatopleura cochlea Brun,Surirella visurgis Hustedt,Campylodiscus clypeus Ehrenberg and Campylodiscus levanderi Hustedt.The taxonomic characters,light microscopy(LM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)photos and ecological affinities were described for each taxon.
