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Tong ZY，Huang SQ. Potential selection driving evolution of long corolla tubes and case studies[J]. Plant Science Journal，2023，41（6）：719−728. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.23164
Citation: Tong ZY，Huang SQ. Potential selection driving evolution of long corolla tubes and case studies[J]. Plant Science Journal，2023，41（6）：719−728. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.23164
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Potential selection driving evolution of long corolla tubes and case studies

  • Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

Funds: This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program (2021YFC3100404), National Natural Science Foundation of China (32030071, 31800192, 32071671) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (CCNU22LJ003).
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  • Received Date: June 03, 2023
  • Revised Date: July 23, 2023
    Graphical Abstract
    • Abstract

  • Diverse corolla morphologies are thought to function in protecting sexual organs within flowers and attracting pollinators. The transition from open to tubular flowers is considered a key innovation in the evolution of corollas. A classic question that scholars have tried to answer since Darwin is: was the evolution of long corolla tubes caused by an arms-race relationship between the proboscis of the pollinator and the length of the corolla tube? Phenotypic manipulations have been conducted across multiple species with long corolla tubes to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the co-evolution between flowers and their interacting animal agents, driven by reciprocal selection. In this review, we summarize both the biotic and abiotic factors affecting corolla tube length, including the effects of pollinators, nectar robbers, and herbivores, as well as environmental factors like light and water availability. Moreover, we propose four potential evolutionary pathways for the development of pollinator-mediated long-tubed corollas. This review aims to provide insights and guidance for future studies on the evolution of tubular flowers.

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