1997 Vol. 15 No. 4
1997, 15(4): 289-292.
Abstract:
Ten species of the genus Dendranthema are cytologically studied. The karyotypes and chromosome numbers of D. dichrum (2n=2x=18=14m + 4sm and 2n= 4x=36=28m+6sm +2st), D. argrophyllum (2n=6x=54 = 38m + 14sm + 2st ), D. naktongense (2n=2x=18=10m + 8sm and 2n=8x=72= 50m + 14sm + 8st ) and new chromosome number record of D. mongolicum 〔2n=2x=18=12m + 2sm + 4st (2SAT)〕 are reported for the first time. Previous works have been taken into account,and the karyotypic characters and evolutional trend of Dendranthema are discussed.
Ten species of the genus Dendranthema are cytologically studied. The karyotypes and chromosome numbers of D. dichrum (2n=2x=18=14m + 4sm and 2n= 4x=36=28m+6sm +2st), D. argrophyllum (2n=6x=54 = 38m + 14sm + 2st ), D. naktongense (2n=2x=18=10m + 8sm and 2n=8x=72= 50m + 14sm + 8st ) and new chromosome number record of D. mongolicum 〔2n=2x=18=12m + 2sm + 4st (2SAT)〕 are reported for the first time. Previous works have been taken into account,and the karyotypic characters and evolutional trend of Dendranthema are discussed.
1997, 15(4): 293-298.
Abstract:
The meiosis during microsporogenesis in four cultivars of Allium chinense G.Don was nearly normal. The arrangement of the microspores in tetrad was isobilateral or tetrahedra. Part of the uninucleate pollens disrupted. When the pollens were released from the loculi,most of them were hollow and had no germ furrow while the others were uninucleated or binucleated. Only a few of them had vegetable nuclei and generative unclei. In addition, pollen had low viability or had no viability, they did not grow pollen tube. The megasporogenesis was the Allium type. Part of the megaspores could form normal 4 nucleate embryo sac. Most of the megaspores developed abnormally,binucleate to 5 nucleate embryo sac were observed. No normal mature megasporogium formed. The reason of the sterility was the abnormality of microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis.
The meiosis during microsporogenesis in four cultivars of Allium chinense G.Don was nearly normal. The arrangement of the microspores in tetrad was isobilateral or tetrahedra. Part of the uninucleate pollens disrupted. When the pollens were released from the loculi,most of them were hollow and had no germ furrow while the others were uninucleated or binucleated. Only a few of them had vegetable nuclei and generative unclei. In addition, pollen had low viability or had no viability, they did not grow pollen tube. The megasporogenesis was the Allium type. Part of the megaspores could form normal 4 nucleate embryo sac. Most of the megaspores developed abnormally,binucleate to 5 nucleate embryo sac were observed. No normal mature megasporogium formed. The reason of the sterility was the abnormality of microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis.
1997, 15(4): 299-303.
Abstract:
The ultrastructures of root meristematic cells changed when wheat roots were incubated in two kinds of concentrations of colchicine for different periods. With germinating at higher concentration and longer times, obvious ultrastructural changes were observed that nuclei were gradually getting smaller and the shape became irregular;rough endoplastic reticula stacked;the number of preplastid and microbody was reduced and that of anlylopast was increased; the column of vacuole and intercellular space increased too. The cell wall was thickened randomly and so on. Reasons for the changes were discussed. The characteristics indicate that the meristematic cells treated with colchicine in various conditions move into the states of differentiation cell.
The ultrastructures of root meristematic cells changed when wheat roots were incubated in two kinds of concentrations of colchicine for different periods. With germinating at higher concentration and longer times, obvious ultrastructural changes were observed that nuclei were gradually getting smaller and the shape became irregular;rough endoplastic reticula stacked;the number of preplastid and microbody was reduced and that of anlylopast was increased; the column of vacuole and intercellular space increased too. The cell wall was thickened randomly and so on. Reasons for the changes were discussed. The characteristics indicate that the meristematic cells treated with colchicine in various conditions move into the states of differentiation cell.
Abstract:
The histological characteristics of the root,rootstock,stem, leaf and flower of Pachysandra terminalis were reported. The results is valuable for the identification of the drug and the Classification of the genus.
The histological characteristics of the root,rootstock,stem, leaf and flower of Pachysandra terminalis were reported. The results is valuable for the identification of the drug and the Classification of the genus.
1997, 15(4): 307-316.
Abstract:
A study on leaf epidermal and anatomical features under SEM and LM shows that it is confirmed to assign Pseudotaxus chienii (Cheng) which was originally described as Taxus chienii (Cheng) to a separate genus; it is rational to establish Sect.Pectinatae in the Cephalotaxus. The Cephalotaxaceae and the Amentotaxus of Taxaceae show many resemblance on leaf anatomical characters,but the Cephalotaxaceae appears to be closely related to Podocarpaceae on the basis of leaf epidermal features. These results suggest that the phylogenetic relationships are both intricate and related among the Taxaceae,Cephalotaxaceae and Podocarpaceae.
A study on leaf epidermal and anatomical features under SEM and LM shows that it is confirmed to assign Pseudotaxus chienii (Cheng) which was originally described as Taxus chienii (Cheng) to a separate genus; it is rational to establish Sect.Pectinatae in the Cephalotaxus. The Cephalotaxaceae and the Amentotaxus of Taxaceae show many resemblance on leaf anatomical characters,but the Cephalotaxaceae appears to be closely related to Podocarpaceae on the basis of leaf epidermal features. These results suggest that the phylogenetic relationships are both intricate and related among the Taxaceae,Cephalotaxaceae and Podocarpaceae.
1997, 15(4): 317-322.
Abstract:
The quantitative analysis of the variation patterns of bulbils (B),tubercles (T),rhizomes (R) and leaves of 10 populations representing 5 species in Pinellia were repored. The results are as follow:There are 4 kinds of patterns of vegetative reproduction——Tam, TamRbn, TamRbnBcr and TamBcr in the genus of Pinellia (a,b,c representing the average numbers of T, R,Band m,n,r being the average ratio of length to width of T,R,Brespectively). The evolution is R→T→B and perhaps the peltata form is more primitive than other forms of leaves. Also the diagram showing species evolution is given.
The quantitative analysis of the variation patterns of bulbils (B),tubercles (T),rhizomes (R) and leaves of 10 populations representing 5 species in Pinellia were repored. The results are as follow:There are 4 kinds of patterns of vegetative reproduction——Tam, TamRbn, TamRbnBcr and TamBcr in the genus of Pinellia (a,b,c representing the average numbers of T, R,Band m,n,r being the average ratio of length to width of T,R,Brespectively). The evolution is R→T→B and perhaps the peltata form is more primitive than other forms of leaves. Also the diagram showing species evolution is given.
1997, 15(4): 323-327.
Abstract:
The micro-morphological characteristics of the seeds of 3 species and 9 populations of Peganum from China northwest under microscope and scanning electronmicroscope were reported. The results show that the seeds micro-morphological characteristics have taxonomic and significance at species level and there is little variation existing in different populations.
The micro-morphological characteristics of the seeds of 3 species and 9 populations of Peganum from China northwest under microscope and scanning electronmicroscope were reported. The results show that the seeds micro-morphological characteristics have taxonomic and significance at species level and there is little variation existing in different populations.
1997, 15(4): 328-330.
Abstract:
A kind of phycocyanin is extracted from Chroomonas caudata Ceitler (Cryptophyta). The result of the preliminary analysis indicated that the absorption spectrum of phycocyanin has two peaks at 590 nm and 640 nm respectively. According to Glazer opinium about cryptomonad phycocyanin divided type,phycocyanin of Chroomonas caudata Geitler belongs to the cryptomonad PC-645 Ⅱ type.
A kind of phycocyanin is extracted from Chroomonas caudata Ceitler (Cryptophyta). The result of the preliminary analysis indicated that the absorption spectrum of phycocyanin has two peaks at 590 nm and 640 nm respectively. According to Glazer opinium about cryptomonad phycocyanin divided type,phycocyanin of Chroomonas caudata Geitler belongs to the cryptomonad PC-645 Ⅱ type.
1997, 15(4): 331-335.
Abstract:
Six species of the lichen genus Pertusaria from Shennongjia, Hubei are presented. They are P. amara, P. commutata, P. multipuncta, P. sphaerophora, P. submultipuncta and P. subobduclans,of these P. submultipuncta is new to China.
Six species of the lichen genus Pertusaria from Shennongjia, Hubei are presented. They are P. amara, P. commutata, P. multipuncta, P. sphaerophora, P. submultipuncta and P. subobduclans,of these P. submultipuncta is new to China.
1997, 15(4): 336-340.
Abstract:
Located in the belt between the south subtropical zone and the north temperate zone of our country,Shennongjia is a meeting area of various flora,among which rich fern resources and species exist. The characteristics of species and distribution of ferns in Shennongjia,the number of species and endemic species were recently reported.
Located in the belt between the south subtropical zone and the north temperate zone of our country,Shennongjia is a meeting area of various flora,among which rich fern resources and species exist. The characteristics of species and distribution of ferns in Shennongjia,the number of species and endemic species were recently reported.
1997, 15(4): 341-352.
Abstract:
In this paper, the forest ecosystem diversity, plant species diversity, plant genetic diversity and their present situation of conservation in Shennongjia Biosphere Reserve (Hubei, China )are analyzed. The results show:1. The vegetation here is varied, and has obvious vertical distribution patterns. According to the present stituation of vegetation and the distribution of communities,the vegetation is categorized into three vertical zones:mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest zone(from 420 to 1800 m),warm-temperate coniferous forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest zone (from 1800 to 2600 m)and cold-temperate evergreen coniferous forest zone (from 2600 to 3105. 4 m).2. The Reserve is very abundant in plant species diversity. It is currently discovered that there are 2638 vascular plant species of 850 genera in 193 families (including ssp.,var. and important cultivated plants, the same in following)among which 199 species of 63 genera in 30 families are ferns, 28 species of 17 genera in 6 families are gymnosperms, 2411 species of 770 genera in 157 families are angiosperms,comprising 80.1%, 58. 6%, 43. 2% and 53. 1 %,26.6 %, 9. 4 % of the total families,genera, and species of Hubei and (china respectively. It is quite evident that Shennongjia flora plays a very important role in Hubei flora and the flora of China.3. There are 34 national protected plant species in Shennongjia which is 54. 8% of Hubei’s total protected plant species and 8. 7% of China’s total protected plant species.About 42 plant species endemic to Shennongjia,belonging to 34 genera of 22 families,are currently known. The wild economic plant resources are also abundant here. There are more than 150 species of wild fibre plants, 208 species of wild oil-bearing plants,over 190 species of wild starchy and carbohydrate plants, over 180 species of wild perfume plants, over 160 species of wild vegetables, 253 species of wild flowers and over 1600 species of wild medicinal plants. The medicinal plant resources are especially famous for their plenty of varieties,large quantities of output,and lots of precious medicinal herbs.4. Plant germplasm resources are very rich too. Up to now, 1446 species of 679 genera in 161 families of plant germplasm resouces have been collected. There are many wild types of modern cultivated plants,or wild close relative species of them.5. From 1970 to 1982, here was an important lumbering area of Hubei, destroying the biological resources and seriously damaging ecological environment. As soon as the Reserve was established,the departments concerned carried on much successful protection work. Since then,the biological resources began to recover step by step. Since the core zone of the Reserve has been protected strictly,many plant populations have begun to recover. If the plants continue to recover in this way,the future prospect is very good.
In this paper, the forest ecosystem diversity, plant species diversity, plant genetic diversity and their present situation of conservation in Shennongjia Biosphere Reserve (Hubei, China )are analyzed. The results show:1. The vegetation here is varied, and has obvious vertical distribution patterns. According to the present stituation of vegetation and the distribution of communities,the vegetation is categorized into three vertical zones:mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest zone(from 420 to 1800 m),warm-temperate coniferous forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest zone (from 1800 to 2600 m)and cold-temperate evergreen coniferous forest zone (from 2600 to 3105. 4 m).2. The Reserve is very abundant in plant species diversity. It is currently discovered that there are 2638 vascular plant species of 850 genera in 193 families (including ssp.,var. and important cultivated plants, the same in following)among which 199 species of 63 genera in 30 families are ferns, 28 species of 17 genera in 6 families are gymnosperms, 2411 species of 770 genera in 157 families are angiosperms,comprising 80.1%, 58. 6%, 43. 2% and 53. 1 %,26.6 %, 9. 4 % of the total families,genera, and species of Hubei and (china respectively. It is quite evident that Shennongjia flora plays a very important role in Hubei flora and the flora of China.3. There are 34 national protected plant species in Shennongjia which is 54. 8% of Hubei’s total protected plant species and 8. 7% of China’s total protected plant species.About 42 plant species endemic to Shennongjia,belonging to 34 genera of 22 families,are currently known. The wild economic plant resources are also abundant here. There are more than 150 species of wild fibre plants, 208 species of wild oil-bearing plants,over 190 species of wild starchy and carbohydrate plants, over 180 species of wild perfume plants, over 160 species of wild vegetables, 253 species of wild flowers and over 1600 species of wild medicinal plants. The medicinal plant resources are especially famous for their plenty of varieties,large quantities of output,and lots of precious medicinal herbs.4. Plant germplasm resources are very rich too. Up to now, 1446 species of 679 genera in 161 families of plant germplasm resouces have been collected. There are many wild types of modern cultivated plants,or wild close relative species of them.5. From 1970 to 1982, here was an important lumbering area of Hubei, destroying the biological resources and seriously damaging ecological environment. As soon as the Reserve was established,the departments concerned carried on much successful protection work. Since then,the biological resources began to recover step by step. Since the core zone of the Reserve has been protected strictly,many plant populations have begun to recover. If the plants continue to recover in this way,the future prospect is very good.
1997, 15(4): 353-362.
Abstract:
Houhe is a nature reserve in Hubei Province. It is situaed 30°3'20"~30°6'15"N. latitude, 110°29'40"~110°34'20"E. longitude in the Southwest Hubei. The total area of the reserve is about 2067 hm2. Fourteen-hundred and sixteen vascular plant species including subspecies and varieties were found in the reserve. The species belong to 568 genera in 160 families including 20 families, 28 genera and 41 spedes of Pteradophytes; 6 families, 11 genera and 18 species of gymnosperms; 134 families, 529 genera and 1375 species of angiosperms. The statistics and comparatively intensive analyses at different levels, as familiar,generic,and specific, were conducted. Based on the statistics and analyses, the results show that the floral characteristics of the Houhe Nature Reserve are rich in flora,dlversity of species,archalc,rellc and primitive in flora,concentrated distribution of temperate components in flora,and special characteristics of community of the great majority of archaic,relic,primitive plants in a concentrated area. According to the statistics and analyses,the florae of the Houhe Nature Reserve should be considered as a typical representative in the florae of Hubei Province and Central China. Also,it is reasonable to consider the Houhe Nature Reserve in the Southwest Hubei as one of the centers where North Temperate flora originated,differentiated,and dispersed.
Houhe is a nature reserve in Hubei Province. It is situaed 30°3'20"~30°6'15"N. latitude, 110°29'40"~110°34'20"E. longitude in the Southwest Hubei. The total area of the reserve is about 2067 hm2. Fourteen-hundred and sixteen vascular plant species including subspecies and varieties were found in the reserve. The species belong to 568 genera in 160 families including 20 families, 28 genera and 41 spedes of Pteradophytes; 6 families, 11 genera and 18 species of gymnosperms; 134 families, 529 genera and 1375 species of angiosperms. The statistics and comparatively intensive analyses at different levels, as familiar,generic,and specific, were conducted. Based on the statistics and analyses, the results show that the floral characteristics of the Houhe Nature Reserve are rich in flora,dlversity of species,archalc,rellc and primitive in flora,concentrated distribution of temperate components in flora,and special characteristics of community of the great majority of archaic,relic,primitive plants in a concentrated area. According to the statistics and analyses,the florae of the Houhe Nature Reserve should be considered as a typical representative in the florae of Hubei Province and Central China. Also,it is reasonable to consider the Houhe Nature Reserve in the Southwest Hubei as one of the centers where North Temperate flora originated,differentiated,and dispersed.
1997, 15(4): 363-367.
Abstract:
Rockwool and nutrient soil blocks were used for the substrates of the cultivating seedlings of tomatoes. Effects of two cultural substrates on tomato seedlings were observed. The results indicated that increments of seedlings on rockwool culture were lower than those on nutrient soil culture on dry weight of shoot-leaves, leaf area and shoot height during 24 days after seed sowed. However after 24 days,increments of the shoot-leaves,leaf area and shoot height on rockwool culture were much more than those on nutrient soil culture. Root dry weight on rockwool culture was weightier than that on nutrient soil culture during the cultivating seedlings of tomatoes. Rockwool as a substrate is better for cultivating tomato seedling.
Rockwool and nutrient soil blocks were used for the substrates of the cultivating seedlings of tomatoes. Effects of two cultural substrates on tomato seedlings were observed. The results indicated that increments of seedlings on rockwool culture were lower than those on nutrient soil culture on dry weight of shoot-leaves, leaf area and shoot height during 24 days after seed sowed. However after 24 days,increments of the shoot-leaves,leaf area and shoot height on rockwool culture were much more than those on nutrient soil culture. Root dry weight on rockwool culture was weightier than that on nutrient soil culture during the cultivating seedlings of tomatoes. Rockwool as a substrate is better for cultivating tomato seedling.
1997, 15(4): 369-374.
1997, 15(4): 375-377.
1997, 15(4): 381-382.
1997, 15(4): 383-386.