2010 Vol. 28 No. 2
2010, 28(2): 119-125.
Abstract：
The formation and development of the sporoderm of the fern Coniogramme japonica (Thunb.) Diels (Hemionitidaceae) was studied by means of light microscopy (LM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results indicated that the surface of the exospore was smooth.The exospore could be identified with two layers,a thinner inner layer and the thicker outer exospore.The perispore was also distinguished cleary into two layers,the outer perispore layer and the inner perispore layer.Radially arranged rodlets were also identified in the upper part of the perispore.The outer perispore showed a reticulated structure，composed of scales and spherules.The two layers of the perispore formed the surface ornamentations of the spore.The origin of the perispore of the fern Coniogramme japonica is discussed here and the results can provide information for palynologic and phylogenic research.
The formation and development of the sporoderm of the fern Coniogramme japonica (Thunb.) Diels (Hemionitidaceae) was studied by means of light microscopy (LM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results indicated that the surface of the exospore was smooth.The exospore could be identified with two layers,a thinner inner layer and the thicker outer exospore.The perispore was also distinguished cleary into two layers,the outer perispore layer and the inner perispore layer.Radially arranged rodlets were also identified in the upper part of the perispore.The outer perispore showed a reticulated structure，composed of scales and spherules.The two layers of the perispore formed the surface ornamentations of the spore.The origin of the perispore of the fern Coniogramme japonica is discussed here and the results can provide information for palynologic and phylogenic research.
2010, 28(2): 126-136.
Abstract：
Rhizome lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.ssp.nucifera) has been cultivated for more than two thousand years as a food in China.The genetic variability in sixty-eight rhizome lotus germplasms from different regions of China,were evaluated using nineteen morphological characteristics.The associations of whole rhizome weight (TW) with main stem weight (MW),main stem length (ML),and width of the main stem section between the third and fourth knot (RW) were positive and highly significant.The path analysis revealed that MW had the highest positive direct effect on TW (0.982).Four principal components analyses (PCA) accounted for 77.33% of the total variability.Characteristics that showed high negative direct effect on TW were MW/TW (-0.296).A cluster analysis based on the morphological characteristics revealed five continuous groups according to evolutionary direction.
Rhizome lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.ssp.nucifera) has been cultivated for more than two thousand years as a food in China.The genetic variability in sixty-eight rhizome lotus germplasms from different regions of China,were evaluated using nineteen morphological characteristics.The associations of whole rhizome weight (TW) with main stem weight (MW),main stem length (ML),and width of the main stem section between the third and fourth knot (RW) were positive and highly significant.The path analysis revealed that MW had the highest positive direct effect on TW (0.982).Four principal components analyses (PCA) accounted for 77.33% of the total variability.Characteristics that showed high negative direct effect on TW were MW/TW (-0.296).A cluster analysis based on the morphological characteristics revealed five continuous groups according to evolutionary direction.
2010, 28(2): 137-143.
Abstract：
The tropical geographical elements of woody seed plant in Shaanxi province were investigated and were found to belong to six categories,which included Pantropic,tropical America and Tropical Asia disjuncted,Old World tropics,Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia,Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa,and Tropical Asia (Indo-Malesia).The dominant element of the tropical geographical composition was the Pantropic and there are 37 genera and 197 species in Shaanxi province.The distributions of the elements were mainly in the southem region of the Qinling Mountains. The nature of Shaanxi woody flora was determined to be temperate based on arealtype of family，genus and species and the phytocoenology function of the woody tropical geographical elements.The Floristic transition from tropical to temperate in Shaanxi was very obvious.
The tropical geographical elements of woody seed plant in Shaanxi province were investigated and were found to belong to six categories,which included Pantropic,tropical America and Tropical Asia disjuncted,Old World tropics,Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia,Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa,and Tropical Asia (Indo-Malesia).The dominant element of the tropical geographical composition was the Pantropic and there are 37 genera and 197 species in Shaanxi province.The distributions of the elements were mainly in the southem region of the Qinling Mountains. The nature of Shaanxi woody flora was determined to be temperate based on arealtype of family，genus and species and the phytocoenology function of the woody tropical geographical elements.The Floristic transition from tropical to temperate in Shaanxi was very obvious.
2010, 28(2): 144-152.
Abstract：
A significant number of wild seed plants are located in the warm temperate zone of the Zhongtiao Mountains,located in southern Shanxi,China. Due to the warm moist climate,this region has the highest plant diversity and richest subtropical flora of Shanxi.Results from long-term research indicate that there are 1287 species of wild seed plants in the Zhongtiao Mountains,belonging to 519 genera and 111 families.Among them,4 families,6 genera,and 9 species belong to Gymnospermae and 107 families,519 genera,and 1278 species belong to Angiospermae.Among the flora， Taxus mairei，falls under the state’ s first level protection，while plants such as and Cercidiphyllum japonicum，Glycine soja，Elaeagnus mollis，and Fraxinus mandschurica fall under second level protection.Moerover，Shanxi provincial level protection exists for Populus purdomii，Ostrya japonica，Quercus spathulata，Pteroceltis tatarinowii，Ulmus lamellosa，Ficus heteromorpha，Euptelea pleiospermum，Lindera glauca，Lindera reflexa，Litsea pungens，Rhodiola rosea，Sinowilsonia henryi，Zanthoxylum planispinum，Toxicodendron vernicifluum，Staphylea bumalda，Staphylea holocarpa，Acer zhongtiaoense，Xanthoceras sorbifolia，Meliosma cuneifolia var. glabriuscula，Meliosma vaitchiorum，Actinidia arguta，Actinidia kolomikta，Idesia polycarpa，Kalopanax septemlobus，Cornus officinalis，Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis，Ceratostigma plumbaginoides，Styrax hemsleyana，Styrax japonica，Styrax odoratissima，Chionanthus retusa，Trachelospermum jasminoides，Callicarpa japonica var. angustata，Kollwitzia ambilis，Codonopsis pilosula，and Platycodon grandiflorum.Analysis of the families，genera，and species，showed that the region’ s floristic elements have high diversity and different endemism of families，genera and species.The Cosmopolitan type was dominant (40 families)，followed by the Pantropic type (34 families).No family was endemic to China.Temperate floristic elements were significant for genera，with 351 belonging to temperate type.Moreover，12 genera were endemic to China，reflecting the characteristics of the temperate zone to the flora.Those genera endemic to China were the dominant types among the flora，followed by Temperate Asia and East Asia elements，respectively.They are the main elements of the constructive and dominant species of dominant vegetation types.
A significant number of wild seed plants are located in the warm temperate zone of the Zhongtiao Mountains,located in southern Shanxi,China. Due to the warm moist climate,this region has the highest plant diversity and richest subtropical flora of Shanxi.Results from long-term research indicate that there are 1287 species of wild seed plants in the Zhongtiao Mountains,belonging to 519 genera and 111 families.Among them,4 families,6 genera,and 9 species belong to Gymnospermae and 107 families,519 genera,and 1278 species belong to Angiospermae.Among the flora， Taxus mairei，falls under the state’ s first level protection，while plants such as and Cercidiphyllum japonicum，Glycine soja，Elaeagnus mollis，and Fraxinus mandschurica fall under second level protection.Moerover，Shanxi provincial level protection exists for Populus purdomii，Ostrya japonica，Quercus spathulata，Pteroceltis tatarinowii，Ulmus lamellosa，Ficus heteromorpha，Euptelea pleiospermum，Lindera glauca，Lindera reflexa，Litsea pungens，Rhodiola rosea，Sinowilsonia henryi，Zanthoxylum planispinum，Toxicodendron vernicifluum，Staphylea bumalda，Staphylea holocarpa，Acer zhongtiaoense，Xanthoceras sorbifolia，Meliosma cuneifolia var. glabriuscula，Meliosma vaitchiorum，Actinidia arguta，Actinidia kolomikta，Idesia polycarpa，Kalopanax septemlobus，Cornus officinalis，Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis，Ceratostigma plumbaginoides，Styrax hemsleyana，Styrax japonica，Styrax odoratissima，Chionanthus retusa，Trachelospermum jasminoides，Callicarpa japonica var. angustata，Kollwitzia ambilis，Codonopsis pilosula，and Platycodon grandiflorum.Analysis of the families，genera，and species，showed that the region’ s floristic elements have high diversity and different endemism of families，genera and species.The Cosmopolitan type was dominant (40 families)，followed by the Pantropic type (34 families).No family was endemic to China.Temperate floristic elements were significant for genera，with 351 belonging to temperate type.Moreover，12 genera were endemic to China，reflecting the characteristics of the temperate zone to the flora.Those genera endemic to China were the dominant types among the flora，followed by Temperate Asia and East Asia elements，respectively.They are the main elements of the constructive and dominant species of dominant vegetation types.
2010, 28(2): 153-160.
Abstract：
The plants endemic to Jiangxi province are discussed.There are a total of 124 endemic vascular plants belonging to 60 genera,40 families,mostly in Dryopteridaceae,Rosaceae,Aceraceae,Theaceae,Thelypteridaceae,Gramineae,and Magnoliaceae.Floristic analysis shows that tropical-subtropical and temperate elements are the most important.The geogra-phical distribution is unequal,with four clear centers of endemism located at Mt.Lushan,Mt.Jinggangshan,Mt.Nanling,and Mt.Wuyishan.
The plants endemic to Jiangxi province are discussed.There are a total of 124 endemic vascular plants belonging to 60 genera,40 families,mostly in Dryopteridaceae,Rosaceae,Aceraceae,Theaceae,Thelypteridaceae,Gramineae,and Magnoliaceae.Floristic analysis shows that tropical-subtropical and temperate elements are the most important.The geogra-phical distribution is unequal,with four clear centers of endemism located at Mt.Lushan,Mt.Jinggangshan,Mt.Nanling,and Mt.Wuyishan.
2010, 28(2): 161-170.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20161
Abstract：
Algae were sampled from four large lakes of Baicheng and Songyuan in Jilin provi-nce from June to July in 2008.A total of 86 algae taxa were identified,including 5 phyla,7 classes,12 orders,20 families,37 genera,76 species,and 10 varieties.Species composition and habitats in the four large lakes were analyzed.Results showed that most taxa belonged to common species,although some alkaliphilous species were also found,and several indicator species for pollution were found.Based on species composition and distribution in these lakes of Baicheng and Songyuan,the summer community composition of algae might be classified as Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta type.
Algae were sampled from four large lakes of Baicheng and Songyuan in Jilin provi-nce from June to July in 2008.A total of 86 algae taxa were identified,including 5 phyla,7 classes,12 orders,20 families,37 genera,76 species,and 10 varieties.Species composition and habitats in the four large lakes were analyzed.Results showed that most taxa belonged to common species,although some alkaliphilous species were also found,and several indicator species for pollution were found.Based on species composition and distribution in these lakes of Baicheng and Songyuan,the summer community composition of algae might be classified as Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta type.
2010, 28(2): 171-178.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20171
Abstract：
We studied the relationship between bryophytes distribution and urban environment in an area of Beijing.A total of 327 bryophyte specimens were collected from 164 plots of 31 sites along the fifth ring road and surrounding area in Beijing.The Shannon-Wiener indexes of bryophyte diversity in the different study sites were analyzed.Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate the ecological relationship between 20 species and their environmental factors in 27 simple sites.Some 55 taxa of bryophyte species,belonging to 24 genera and 12 families,were identified in the research area.Among them, Weisia planifolia and Physcomitrium sphaericum are widely distributed in Beijing.The results showed that bryophyte species richness in the north and west areas of Beijing were higher than in the south and east.The soil water content,distance to highroad,human disturbance,soil acidity,and canopy density distinctly influenced bryophyte distribution.Soil water content and soil acidity had the strongest influence on the distribution of bryophytes,with the most common species preferring moist acid soil.
We studied the relationship between bryophytes distribution and urban environment in an area of Beijing.A total of 327 bryophyte specimens were collected from 164 plots of 31 sites along the fifth ring road and surrounding area in Beijing.The Shannon-Wiener indexes of bryophyte diversity in the different study sites were analyzed.Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate the ecological relationship between 20 species and their environmental factors in 27 simple sites.Some 55 taxa of bryophyte species,belonging to 24 genera and 12 families,were identified in the research area.Among them, Weisia planifolia and Physcomitrium sphaericum are widely distributed in Beijing.The results showed that bryophyte species richness in the north and west areas of Beijing were higher than in the south and east.The soil water content,distance to highroad,human disturbance,soil acidity,and canopy density distinctly influenced bryophyte distribution.Soil water content and soil acidity had the strongest influence on the distribution of bryophytes,with the most common species preferring moist acid soil.
2010, 28(2): 179-185.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20179
Abstract：
Bud growth and bud resource development are a reflection of a plant’s adaption to the environment and its life history strategy.To investigate budburst phenology and life history strategies of Castanopsis fargesii,observations on the number of buds,growth phases of the marked standard branch,and analysis of its characteristics were recorded.Results showed that C.fargesii generally bud from March to late April.Bud growth can be divided into three phases:bud dormancy phase (the first phase),bud swelling phase (the second phase),and budburst phase (the third to fifth phase).The phenological parameter difference among population,individual,and twig in each phase was not significant.Budburst phenology appeared in a curve of two major peaks in the third phase and one major peak in the forth and fifth phase.Budburst phenology displayed similar changes in both understory and canopy gap surroundings during the same period in the third phase;while in the forth and fifth phrase,budburst phenology lagged among understory plants compared to those in the canopy gap.As to C.fargesii,no relationship existed in regards to early growth and first completion in the budburst phrase.Although in various phrases,bud growth in different periods developed into leaf almost at the same time.As a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest,the budburst phenology of C.fargesii is affected by various environmental factors,among which temperature in spring was the most influential.The long term adaptation of plants results in synchronization between budburst phenology and its environment.
Bud growth and bud resource development are a reflection of a plant’s adaption to the environment and its life history strategy.To investigate budburst phenology and life history strategies of Castanopsis fargesii,observations on the number of buds,growth phases of the marked standard branch,and analysis of its characteristics were recorded.Results showed that C.fargesii generally bud from March to late April.Bud growth can be divided into three phases:bud dormancy phase (the first phase),bud swelling phase (the second phase),and budburst phase (the third to fifth phase).The phenological parameter difference among population,individual,and twig in each phase was not significant.Budburst phenology appeared in a curve of two major peaks in the third phase and one major peak in the forth and fifth phase.Budburst phenology displayed similar changes in both understory and canopy gap surroundings during the same period in the third phase;while in the forth and fifth phrase,budburst phenology lagged among understory plants compared to those in the canopy gap.As to C.fargesii,no relationship existed in regards to early growth and first completion in the budburst phrase.Although in various phrases,bud growth in different periods developed into leaf almost at the same time.As a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest,the budburst phenology of C.fargesii is affected by various environmental factors,among which temperature in spring was the most influential.The long term adaptation of plants results in synchronization between budburst phenology and its environment.
2010, 28(2): 186-190.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20186
Abstract：
The Bakou and Changqinggou copper mines are both Emeishan basalt-type copper deposits.The copper is located mainly in the top and the upper part of the Permian Emeishan basalt.By using a Analyst 800 atomic absorption spectrophotometer,AF-640 atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer,and Optima 5300 V inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer,we analyzed the contents of eight elements (Cu,Zn,Ca,Mg,Cd,Pb,Hg,and As) in Anoectangium thomsonii Mitt.,Oxystegus cylindricus (Brid.) Hilp.,Barbula rigidula (Hedw.) Mild., Regmatodon serrulatus (Dozy et Molk.) Bosch et Lac.,and corresponding substrates.The background values of Cu,Zn,Cd,and Hg exceeded the corresponding standard values.The background values of Hg and Cu were 1028 and 233 times as high as the corresponding standard values,respectively.Mercury pollution in the Changqinggou Copper Mine is more severe,while Cu content in the Bakou Copper Mine is higher.Correlation analysis showed that correlation of CuCd,ZnCa,CaPb,and HgAs were significant at the 005 level,while ZnPb was significant at the 001 level.The correlation of CuCd,ZnPb,and HgAs showed a synergistic effect,while ZnCa and CaPb showed an antagonistic effect.The accumulation coefficients of elements were prominent.The four mosses are regarded as indicators because of their absorptive capacity belong to the same level for Cu,Cd,and Pb. The four mosses could be constituted a combination for examining the enrichment of Cu, Cd, and Pb in the mining area. The use of Anoectangium thomsonii Mitt. as a characteristic indicator could control arsenic contamination and reduce content of arsenic in the mining area.
The Bakou and Changqinggou copper mines are both Emeishan basalt-type copper deposits.The copper is located mainly in the top and the upper part of the Permian Emeishan basalt.By using a Analyst 800 atomic absorption spectrophotometer,AF-640 atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer,and Optima 5300 V inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer,we analyzed the contents of eight elements (Cu,Zn,Ca,Mg,Cd,Pb,Hg,and As) in Anoectangium thomsonii Mitt.,Oxystegus cylindricus (Brid.) Hilp.,Barbula rigidula (Hedw.) Mild., Regmatodon serrulatus (Dozy et Molk.) Bosch et Lac.,and corresponding substrates.The background values of Cu,Zn,Cd,and Hg exceeded the corresponding standard values.The background values of Hg and Cu were 1028 and 233 times as high as the corresponding standard values,respectively.Mercury pollution in the Changqinggou Copper Mine is more severe,while Cu content in the Bakou Copper Mine is higher.Correlation analysis showed that correlation of CuCd,ZnCa,CaPb,and HgAs were significant at the 005 level,while ZnPb was significant at the 001 level.The correlation of CuCd,ZnPb,and HgAs showed a synergistic effect,while ZnCa and CaPb showed an antagonistic effect.The accumulation coefficients of elements were prominent.The four mosses are regarded as indicators because of their absorptive capacity belong to the same level for Cu,Cd,and Pb. The four mosses could be constituted a combination for examining the enrichment of Cu, Cd, and Pb in the mining area. The use of Anoectangium thomsonii Mitt. as a characteristic indicator could control arsenic contamination and reduce content of arsenic in the mining area.
2010, 28(2): 191-198.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20191
Abstract：
A comparative study was conducted on the allelopathic effects of water extracts from an invasive species (Solidago canadensis L.) and native species (S.decurrens Lour.) on seed germination and seedling growth of six native plants.The results showed that the allelopathic inhibitory effects of the extracts from both below and above ground parts of S.canadensis were enhanced with increasing concentration.Native S.decurrens showed the same trend as S.canadensis,but in the extracts of S.canadensis from below ground had stronger allelopathic activity to seed germination and seedling growth of native plants compare to S.decurrens.Extracts of S.decurrens from above ground,however,showed stronger inhibition.Our results suggest that S.canadensis may become the monodominant community in invasive areas due to allelopathy,which may play an important role in the successful invasion of S.canadensis in China.Since species of Fabaceae were not sensitive to the water extracts of S.canadensis,they could be used as the priority species in biological replacement control.
A comparative study was conducted on the allelopathic effects of water extracts from an invasive species (Solidago canadensis L.) and native species (S.decurrens Lour.) on seed germination and seedling growth of six native plants.The results showed that the allelopathic inhibitory effects of the extracts from both below and above ground parts of S.canadensis were enhanced with increasing concentration.Native S.decurrens showed the same trend as S.canadensis,but in the extracts of S.canadensis from below ground had stronger allelopathic activity to seed germination and seedling growth of native plants compare to S.decurrens.Extracts of S.decurrens from above ground,however,showed stronger inhibition.Our results suggest that S.canadensis may become the monodominant community in invasive areas due to allelopathy,which may play an important role in the successful invasion of S.canadensis in China.Since species of Fabaceae were not sensitive to the water extracts of S.canadensis,they could be used as the priority species in biological replacement control.
2010, 28(2): 199-205.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20199
Abstract：
Certain entophytic bacteria strains were investigated following isolation from the roots of Cymbidium faberi Rolfe in Hubei province,China.An MS medium+ Cymbidium faberi root extract was used in this study.Twentyseven strains were selected based on the morphology of their colonies.According to 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis and comparison with data from the GenBank,they belonged to 14 species of 8 genera,namely Burkholderia phytofirmans,Pseudomonas jessenii,P.cedrina,P.mohnii,P.fragi,P.koreensi,Bacillus megaterium,B.atrophaeus,B.subtilis,Leifsonia shinshuensis,Variovora paradoxus,Erwinia rhapontici,Duganella zoogloeoides, and Acinetobacter lwoffi. Understanding the relationship between these bacteria and Cymbidium faberi is valuable,particularly in relation to the benefits of these bacteria in the cultivation of Cymbidium faberi Rolfe.
Certain entophytic bacteria strains were investigated following isolation from the roots of Cymbidium faberi Rolfe in Hubei province,China.An MS medium+ Cymbidium faberi root extract was used in this study.Twentyseven strains were selected based on the morphology of their colonies.According to 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis and comparison with data from the GenBank,they belonged to 14 species of 8 genera,namely Burkholderia phytofirmans,Pseudomonas jessenii,P.cedrina,P.mohnii,P.fragi,P.koreensi,Bacillus megaterium,B.atrophaeus,B.subtilis,Leifsonia shinshuensis,Variovora paradoxus,Erwinia rhapontici,Duganella zoogloeoides, and Acinetobacter lwoffi. Understanding the relationship between these bacteria and Cymbidium faberi is valuable,particularly in relation to the benefits of these bacteria in the cultivation of Cymbidium faberi Rolfe.
2010, 28(2): 206-212.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20206
Abstract：
A pot culture experiment was conducted to study leaf growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Rauvolfia vomitoria plants under different light intensities (15%,40%,and 70% of full sunlight) and nitrogen levels (15,30,and 60 g/per plant).Results showed that the net photosynthesis rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),water utilization efficiency (WUE),chlorophyll contents (Chl),specific leaf area (SLA),and leaf mass ratio (LMR) were significantly influenced by light intensity and nitrogen level (p<0.01). The Pn and Gsincreased with the increase in light intensity and nitrogen level.In addition,the values of Pn and Gs under 70% light intensity were much higher than those under 15% and 40% light intensity.Conclusively,low light intensity is more beneficial to the synthesis of chlorophyll.The combination of low light and high nitrogen level favored SLA and leaf biomass allocation.As for the fluorescence parameter, Fv/Fm did not differ significantly according to light intensity and nitrogen level.Light intensity and nitrogen levels also had significant interaction on the Pn,Gs,and WUE (p<0.05).
A pot culture experiment was conducted to study leaf growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Rauvolfia vomitoria plants under different light intensities (15%,40%,and 70% of full sunlight) and nitrogen levels (15,30,and 60 g/per plant).Results showed that the net photosynthesis rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),water utilization efficiency (WUE),chlorophyll contents (Chl),specific leaf area (SLA),and leaf mass ratio (LMR) were significantly influenced by light intensity and nitrogen level (p<0.01). The Pn and Gsincreased with the increase in light intensity and nitrogen level.In addition,the values of Pn and Gs under 70% light intensity were much higher than those under 15% and 40% light intensity.Conclusively,low light intensity is more beneficial to the synthesis of chlorophyll.The combination of low light and high nitrogen level favored SLA and leaf biomass allocation.As for the fluorescence parameter, Fv/Fm did not differ significantly according to light intensity and nitrogen level.Light intensity and nitrogen levels also had significant interaction on the Pn,Gs,and WUE (p<0.05).
2010, 28(2): 213-217.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20213
Abstract：
Parthenium hysterophorus L.is an aggressive herbaceous weed from the Asteraceae family.It invades disturbed environments of different nutrient levels such as arable land,waste land,and roadside.The reproductive adaptability of this weed to different nitrogen and phosphorus levels was studied.The results showed that SPAD value,branch and inflorescence number,total biomass,flower mass and its ratio,and seed set increased with increasing nitrogen levels.While height and 1000-seed weight increased with increasing phosphorus levels,other parameters showed no increase.This weed acclimated to a wide range of nitrogen environments through increased seed production,which was achieved by enhancing branch and inflorescence number,flower mass and its ratio, as well as seed set,and to phosphorous rich environments through improved seed quality.The addition of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil could,therefore,promote the reproductive ability of Parthenium hysterophorus,and increase its invasiveness in nitrogen and phosphorus rich environments.
Parthenium hysterophorus L.is an aggressive herbaceous weed from the Asteraceae family.It invades disturbed environments of different nutrient levels such as arable land,waste land,and roadside.The reproductive adaptability of this weed to different nitrogen and phosphorus levels was studied.The results showed that SPAD value,branch and inflorescence number,total biomass,flower mass and its ratio,and seed set increased with increasing nitrogen levels.While height and 1000-seed weight increased with increasing phosphorus levels,other parameters showed no increase.This weed acclimated to a wide range of nitrogen environments through increased seed production,which was achieved by enhancing branch and inflorescence number,flower mass and its ratio, as well as seed set,and to phosphorous rich environments through improved seed quality.The addition of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil could,therefore,promote the reproductive ability of Parthenium hysterophorus,and increase its invasiveness in nitrogen and phosphorus rich environments.
2010, 28(2): 218-223.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20218
Abstract：
The cotyledons,cotyledonary nodes,epicotyl segments,and stem segments with lateral buds of aseptic Citrus grandis Osbeck cv.Chandler seedings were used as the explants to study the process of tissue culture rapid reproduction.Results showed that the cotyledonary nodes were the best explants of bush-bud induction(induction rate 100%).The best medium for inducing bush-bud was MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+activated carbon 0.4 g/L,the coefficient of proliferation reached 11.2.The optimum medium for shoot rooting was 1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L,which resulted in a rooting rate of 100%.Fifteen days after transplanting,100% of the plantlets survived.
The cotyledons,cotyledonary nodes,epicotyl segments,and stem segments with lateral buds of aseptic Citrus grandis Osbeck cv.Chandler seedings were used as the explants to study the process of tissue culture rapid reproduction.Results showed that the cotyledonary nodes were the best explants of bush-bud induction(induction rate 100%).The best medium for inducing bush-bud was MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+activated carbon 0.4 g/L,the coefficient of proliferation reached 11.2.The optimum medium for shoot rooting was 1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L,which resulted in a rooting rate of 100%.Fifteen days after transplanting,100% of the plantlets survived.
2010, 28(2): 224-228.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20224
Abstract：
To study the effects of browning inhibitors on callus growth and secondary metabolites content,the callus of Tripterygium wilfordii root and the NT were used as basic medium,supplemented with different concentrations of Na2S2O3,Vc,citric acid,AgNO3,PV,and active carbon.The results showed that callus growth in T.wilfordii was inhibited in all treatments,in addition to the citric acid with a lower concentration.Although the browning could not be controlled when the medium was supplemented with Na2S2O3,Vc,Citric acid，AgNO3，PV,and active carbon,the triptolide content increased significantly in all treatments,improving up to 2.4 times with the addition of 50 mg/L citric acid.However,the addition of 10-50 mg/LAgNO3 in the medium,inhibited callus browning and increased the triptolide content with the increase in AgNO3 concentration.Alkaloids content were inhibited by using other browning inhibitors,in addition to the Na2S2O3 with a lower concentration.
To study the effects of browning inhibitors on callus growth and secondary metabolites content,the callus of Tripterygium wilfordii root and the NT were used as basic medium,supplemented with different concentrations of Na2S2O3,Vc,citric acid,AgNO3,PV,and active carbon.The results showed that callus growth in T.wilfordii was inhibited in all treatments,in addition to the citric acid with a lower concentration.Although the browning could not be controlled when the medium was supplemented with Na2S2O3,Vc,Citric acid，AgNO3，PV,and active carbon,the triptolide content increased significantly in all treatments,improving up to 2.4 times with the addition of 50 mg/L citric acid.However,the addition of 10-50 mg/LAgNO3 in the medium,inhibited callus browning and increased the triptolide content with the increase in AgNO3 concentration.Alkaloids content were inhibited by using other browning inhibitors,in addition to the Na2S2O3 with a lower concentration.
2010, 28(2): 229-233.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20229
Abstract：
Bretschneidera sinensis is a rare endemic and tertiary relict plant of China.Its structural and epidermis micro-morphological characteristics were studied by paraffin section,scraping section and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results showed that the epidermal cells were covered with a thin cuticle layer,the cell shape was irregular and the patterns of anticlinal walls were sinuolate.The upper epidermis was covered with barred wax and the sunken stomatas only presented on the lower epidermis,which was surrounded by flowerlike neurite structures.Mesophyll tissue included onelayer of palisade tissue,accompanied with multilayers of welldeveloped spongy tissue containing secreting cells with myrosinase and crystals cells.Significant changes in leaf thickness,ratio of spongy to palisade tissue thickness (S/P),and volume of chloroplast were presented in the different phases and zones,indicating a special change from sciophytes to mesophytes during the growth process.The close relationship between Bretschneideraceae and Sapindaceae was supported from the flowerlike neurite structures found in the abaxial epidermis (similar to Sapindaceae), while differences showed the independence of Bretschneideraceae in Sapindales as a family.
Bretschneidera sinensis is a rare endemic and tertiary relict plant of China.Its structural and epidermis micro-morphological characteristics were studied by paraffin section,scraping section and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results showed that the epidermal cells were covered with a thin cuticle layer,the cell shape was irregular and the patterns of anticlinal walls were sinuolate.The upper epidermis was covered with barred wax and the sunken stomatas only presented on the lower epidermis,which was surrounded by flowerlike neurite structures.Mesophyll tissue included onelayer of palisade tissue,accompanied with multilayers of welldeveloped spongy tissue containing secreting cells with myrosinase and crystals cells.Significant changes in leaf thickness,ratio of spongy to palisade tissue thickness (S/P),and volume of chloroplast were presented in the different phases and zones,indicating a special change from sciophytes to mesophytes during the growth process.The close relationship between Bretschneideraceae and Sapindaceae was supported from the flowerlike neurite structures found in the abaxial epidermis (similar to Sapindaceae), while differences showed the independence of Bretschneideraceae in Sapindales as a family.
Abstract：
Epimedium L.,a worldwide genus of some 57 species including nearly 50 species in central to southeast China was established by Linnaeus in 1753.China is the modern geographical distribution center of Epimedium L.,and may be the differentiation center.A common problem in phytotaxonomic academia is providing each species with a clear status in the genus.We conducted morphological research on Epimedium L.to deepen and clarify the different descriptions on the characteristics of gynaecium and fruit according Chinese taxonomic literature.Results from field observation and anatomical study showed the placenta type of seven species in Epimedium is marginal placentation and the fruit is follicle.
Epimedium L.,a worldwide genus of some 57 species including nearly 50 species in central to southeast China was established by Linnaeus in 1753.China is the modern geographical distribution center of Epimedium L.,and may be the differentiation center.A common problem in phytotaxonomic academia is providing each species with a clear status in the genus.We conducted morphological research on Epimedium L.to deepen and clarify the different descriptions on the characteristics of gynaecium and fruit according Chinese taxonomic literature.Results from field observation and anatomical study showed the placenta type of seven species in Epimedium is marginal placentation and the fruit is follicle.
2010, 28(2): 239-242.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20239
Abstract：
The status of isotype of Livistona speciosa and the isoneotypes of L.saribus,as cited in Chinese taxonomic literature,such as Flora of Hainan,Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae,Flora Fujianica and Flora Yunnanica,was reviewed.L.speciosa possesses shallowly divided and stiff leaflet tips and has obovate,elliptical or ovoid fruits more than 2.5 cm long and 2 cm across;L.saribus possesses deeply divided and pendulous leaflet tips and has globose or subsphaeroidal fruits less than 1.8 cm across.The name L.saribus has been misapplied in Chinese taxonomic literature and should be L.speciosa Kurz.Here an isoneotype is added for L.saribus
The status of isotype of Livistona speciosa and the isoneotypes of L.saribus,as cited in Chinese taxonomic literature,such as Flora of Hainan,Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae,Flora Fujianica and Flora Yunnanica,was reviewed.L.speciosa possesses shallowly divided and stiff leaflet tips and has obovate,elliptical or ovoid fruits more than 2.5 cm long and 2 cm across;L.saribus possesses deeply divided and pendulous leaflet tips and has globose or subsphaeroidal fruits less than 1.8 cm across.The name L.saribus has been misapplied in Chinese taxonomic literature and should be L.speciosa Kurz.Here an isoneotype is added for L.saribus
2010, 28(2): 243-245.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20243
Abstract：
Using hand cross and embryo rescue,F1 plants from intergeneric Raphanus sativus L.(2n=18,RR) and Brassica alboglabra Bailey (2n=18,CC) hybrids were obtained.Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to identify the F1 plants.The RAPD results indicated that the hybrids produced specific bands of parents or new bands absent in both parents.The F1 plants also lost some specific bands or common bands of both parents.
Using hand cross and embryo rescue,F1 plants from intergeneric Raphanus sativus L.(2n=18,RR) and Brassica alboglabra Bailey (2n=18,CC) hybrids were obtained.Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to identify the F1 plants.The RAPD results indicated that the hybrids produced specific bands of parents or new bands absent in both parents.The F1 plants also lost some specific bands or common bands of both parents.
2010, 28(2): 246-249.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.20246
Abstract：
After long-time drought,Racomitrium japonicum was rewatered at different time rates.The contents of free proline and soluble proteins and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were then determined.The results showed that,after rewatering of two days,all indexes in the droughty R.japonicum resumed to control level,but the extent of their change differed with rewatering time.Long-time drought induced the accumulation of soluble proteins in R.japonicum.The SOD activity and free proline showed a similar change in trend during the rewatering process,though they varied in both peak curve with rewatering time and resumption to control level.The POD activity in longtime droughty R.japonicumwas similar to the control.With increasing rewatering time,POD activity increased quickly to control level.These indexes shown that R.japonicum has a specific physiology mechanism for rewatering after drought,which is different from other plants.
After long-time drought,Racomitrium japonicum was rewatered at different time rates.The contents of free proline and soluble proteins and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were then determined.The results showed that,after rewatering of two days,all indexes in the droughty R.japonicum resumed to control level,but the extent of their change differed with rewatering time.Long-time drought induced the accumulation of soluble proteins in R.japonicum.The SOD activity and free proline showed a similar change in trend during the rewatering process,though they varied in both peak curve with rewatering time and resumption to control level.The POD activity in longtime droughty R.japonicumwas similar to the control.With increasing rewatering time,POD activity increased quickly to control level.These indexes shown that R.japonicum has a specific physiology mechanism for rewatering after drought,which is different from other plants.
