2013 Vol. 31 No. 2
2013, 31(2): 107-113.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20107
Abstract：
To reveal the functions of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to beach plum and soil enzyme activities, we collected five samples with the rhizosphere of beach plum for each soil layer (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm and 40-50 cm) from the Fujiabian hilly area in April, July and October 2009, respectively. We observed the AM mycorrhizal structure, determined the AM fungi infection rate, spore density, activities of phosphatase and urease, and the contents of available P and N in the soil, and analysed the relationship between AM fungi and soil enzymes. Results showed that AM fungi established a good symbiotic relationship with beach plum roots, and the symbioses were of vesicle-arbuscular structure. The 0-20 cm soil layer had the highest rate of AM infection and spore density in July and October, respectively, which decreased with the increase in soil depth. The AM fungi infection rate showed significant positive correlation with the activities of acid phosphatase, neutral phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, but no correlation with urease in soil. The AM fungi spore density demonstrated significant positive correlation with alkaline phosphatase and urease in soil. There was a significant positive correlation between spore density and available P (or N), but no correlation between AM fungi infection rate and available N. Spore density showed no correlation with AM fungi infection rate. The AM fungi infection rate and spore density had obvious spatial and temporal distribution, and were related closely to the activity of soil enzymes. With AM mycorrhiza, beach plum could grow well on poor hilly mountains.
To reveal the functions of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to beach plum and soil enzyme activities, we collected five samples with the rhizosphere of beach plum for each soil layer (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm and 40-50 cm) from the Fujiabian hilly area in April, July and October 2009, respectively. We observed the AM mycorrhizal structure, determined the AM fungi infection rate, spore density, activities of phosphatase and urease, and the contents of available P and N in the soil, and analysed the relationship between AM fungi and soil enzymes. Results showed that AM fungi established a good symbiotic relationship with beach plum roots, and the symbioses were of vesicle-arbuscular structure. The 0-20 cm soil layer had the highest rate of AM infection and spore density in July and October, respectively, which decreased with the increase in soil depth. The AM fungi infection rate showed significant positive correlation with the activities of acid phosphatase, neutral phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, but no correlation with urease in soil. The AM fungi spore density demonstrated significant positive correlation with alkaline phosphatase and urease in soil. There was a significant positive correlation between spore density and available P (or N), but no correlation between AM fungi infection rate and available N. Spore density showed no correlation with AM fungi infection rate. The AM fungi infection rate and spore density had obvious spatial and temporal distribution, and were related closely to the activity of soil enzymes. With AM mycorrhiza, beach plum could grow well on poor hilly mountains.
2013, 31(2): 114-123.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20114
Abstract：
To understand spatial and temporal distribution regularity of Pinus massoniana, we used leaf area index (LAI) to achieve Dendrolimus punctatus Walker damage spatial monitoring and early warning. We used six climate indicators, namely average temperature, average temperature anomalies, precipitation, precipitation anomalies, sunshine hours and sunshine hour anomalies measured from 38 climate stations in 2010 in Fujian Province and 90 field measured LAI, and analysed the response of P. massoniana LAI to the climate from provincial and city scales, respectively. Results showed that: (1) in addition to sunshine anomalies, the other five climate indicators significantly influenced P. massoniana LAI in the order average temperature > precipitation > sunshine hours > average temperature anomalies > precipitation anomalies with the coefficients; (2) seen from the provincial scale, the response of P. massoniana LAI to average temperature presented as an open side down parabola, and the response to average anomalies was explained by a cubic curve; the response of LAI to precipitation was negative and the influence of precipitation anomalies was similar to average temperature, while response to sunshine hours presented as an open side upward parabola; (3) seen from the prefecture-level city scale, the LAI of Nanping, Sanming, and Longyan, the main producing areas of P. massoniana in Fujian, were generally lower than that in non- or low-producing coastal areas, with the LAI of Nanping being the lowest. On one hand, why the LAI of Nanping, Sanming, and Longyan being lower than other areas was because of the direct response of P. massoniana LAI to climate indicators, and on the other hand, by the impact of climate on the distribution of Dendrolimus punctatus Walker, LAI showed the spatial characteristics of coastal high and inland low.
To understand spatial and temporal distribution regularity of Pinus massoniana, we used leaf area index (LAI) to achieve Dendrolimus punctatus Walker damage spatial monitoring and early warning. We used six climate indicators, namely average temperature, average temperature anomalies, precipitation, precipitation anomalies, sunshine hours and sunshine hour anomalies measured from 38 climate stations in 2010 in Fujian Province and 90 field measured LAI, and analysed the response of P. massoniana LAI to the climate from provincial and city scales, respectively. Results showed that: (1) in addition to sunshine anomalies, the other five climate indicators significantly influenced P. massoniana LAI in the order average temperature > precipitation > sunshine hours > average temperature anomalies > precipitation anomalies with the coefficients; (2) seen from the provincial scale, the response of P. massoniana LAI to average temperature presented as an open side down parabola, and the response to average anomalies was explained by a cubic curve; the response of LAI to precipitation was negative and the influence of precipitation anomalies was similar to average temperature, while response to sunshine hours presented as an open side upward parabola; (3) seen from the prefecture-level city scale, the LAI of Nanping, Sanming, and Longyan, the main producing areas of P. massoniana in Fujian, were generally lower than that in non- or low-producing coastal areas, with the LAI of Nanping being the lowest. On one hand, why the LAI of Nanping, Sanming, and Longyan being lower than other areas was because of the direct response of P. massoniana LAI to climate indicators, and on the other hand, by the impact of climate on the distribution of Dendrolimus punctatus Walker, LAI showed the spatial characteristics of coastal high and inland low.
2013, 31(2): 124-129.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20124
Abstract：
Taking formation as an index, the vegetation pattern diversity of Hubei Province was measured by affinity analysis. Results showed that mosaic diversity (m) of the Hubei Province vegetation landscape was 4.071, the landscape was complicated and there was no obvious ecological gradient. According to mean affinities (MA), the Hubei Province vegetation pattern was divided into three categories: the first central point category included vegetation from Wuhan City, Xiangyang City, Huanggang City and Suizhou City, which were typical, common, and played a key role in coupling patches in the whole vegetation pattern; the second outer point category included vegetation from Hefeng County, Lichuan City and Xianfeng County, which were rare, native and had important significance in composing the specificity and diversity of the whole landscape; the third middle point category included vegetation from Huangshi City, Jingzhou City, Jingmen City, and Yichang City (totally 14 administrative division units), which showed universality and rarity, were moderate, occupied more habitat space, and constituted the foundation of the whole vegetation pattern. Sorting mean similarity (MS) from central points to outer points showed that the similarity of adjacent regions was high. Northwest, Southeast and the Jianghan plain of Hubei formed the universality of the whole vegetation pattern; however Southwest Hubei constituted the specificity of the vegetation pattern. Large differences existed in the vegetation patterns between east and west Hubei Province, and the vegetation patterns were complicated.
Taking formation as an index, the vegetation pattern diversity of Hubei Province was measured by affinity analysis. Results showed that mosaic diversity (m) of the Hubei Province vegetation landscape was 4.071, the landscape was complicated and there was no obvious ecological gradient. According to mean affinities (MA), the Hubei Province vegetation pattern was divided into three categories: the first central point category included vegetation from Wuhan City, Xiangyang City, Huanggang City and Suizhou City, which were typical, common, and played a key role in coupling patches in the whole vegetation pattern; the second outer point category included vegetation from Hefeng County, Lichuan City and Xianfeng County, which were rare, native and had important significance in composing the specificity and diversity of the whole landscape; the third middle point category included vegetation from Huangshi City, Jingzhou City, Jingmen City, and Yichang City (totally 14 administrative division units), which showed universality and rarity, were moderate, occupied more habitat space, and constituted the foundation of the whole vegetation pattern. Sorting mean similarity (MS) from central points to outer points showed that the similarity of adjacent regions was high. Northwest, Southeast and the Jianghan plain of Hubei formed the universality of the whole vegetation pattern; however Southwest Hubei constituted the specificity of the vegetation pattern. Large differences existed in the vegetation patterns between east and west Hubei Province, and the vegetation patterns were complicated.
2013, 31(2): 130-135.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20130
Abstract：
In Lingkong Mountain, one four hectare plot was established for a field investigation of Pinus tabulaeformis populations.Based on survival and spectral analysis,size structure and static life tables were constructed,the curves of survival were drawn,and the periodicity of P.tabulaeformis population was analyzed.Results showed that the individual number of seedlings and saplings of P.tabulaeformis population were more than other levels of P.tabulaeformis.While the middle level of P.tabulaeformis was relatively stable,the high level of P.tabulaeformis was significantly reduced as a result of interspecific competition and environmental factors.The estimated survival curve roughly showed the form of Deevey-Ⅱ.The P.tabulaeformis population fluctuation presented a minor but inconspicuous cycle.This showed that P.tabulaeformis development was steady.
In Lingkong Mountain, one four hectare plot was established for a field investigation of Pinus tabulaeformis populations.Based on survival and spectral analysis,size structure and static life tables were constructed,the curves of survival were drawn,and the periodicity of P.tabulaeformis population was analyzed.Results showed that the individual number of seedlings and saplings of P.tabulaeformis population were more than other levels of P.tabulaeformis.While the middle level of P.tabulaeformis was relatively stable,the high level of P.tabulaeformis was significantly reduced as a result of interspecific competition and environmental factors.The estimated survival curve roughly showed the form of Deevey-Ⅱ.The P.tabulaeformis population fluctuation presented a minor but inconspicuous cycle.This showed that P.tabulaeformis development was steady.
2013, 31(2): 136-142.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20136
Abstract：
Using one-year-old Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings,which are the main planting species along the sandy coast of southeast China,and ternary quadratic rotary recursive fertilizer design of N,P and K,two different output types were divided based on real differences in biomass.Further,by the data of N,P and K nutrient elements contents of the seedlings,nutrition diagnosis was analyzed for C.equisetifolia.There was an obvious impact of proportioning fertilization on biomass accumulation of C.equisetifolia.The optimal solution of seedling outputs was 19.84 g per tree,and the respective quantities of fertilization were 0.329 g per tree for N,2.298 g per tree for P,and 0.154 g per tree for K.The rational scales of ratios among the nutrient elements were P/N=0.3174±0.1302, K/N=1.1010±0.506, K/P=3.5564±0.5075.Application of examples treated by ternary quadratic rotary recursive fertilizer design confirmed the diagnosing accuracy and list sequence of nutrients demanded through DRIS(Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrate System).
Using one-year-old Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings,which are the main planting species along the sandy coast of southeast China,and ternary quadratic rotary recursive fertilizer design of N,P and K,two different output types were divided based on real differences in biomass.Further,by the data of N,P and K nutrient elements contents of the seedlings,nutrition diagnosis was analyzed for C.equisetifolia.There was an obvious impact of proportioning fertilization on biomass accumulation of C.equisetifolia.The optimal solution of seedling outputs was 19.84 g per tree,and the respective quantities of fertilization were 0.329 g per tree for N,2.298 g per tree for P,and 0.154 g per tree for K.The rational scales of ratios among the nutrient elements were P/N=0.3174±0.1302, K/N=1.1010±0.506, K/P=3.5564±0.5075.Application of examples treated by ternary quadratic rotary recursive fertilizer design confirmed the diagnosing accuracy and list sequence of nutrients demanded through DRIS(Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrate System).
2013, 31(2): 143-150.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20143
Abstract：
Using six inbred line cauliflower (Brassica oleracea Linn.var.botrytis Linn.) varieties from the Yangtze River basin as parents, general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and correlation of primary characters such as head height, head diameter, head weight, maturity traits, bracts ratio and leaf coverage ratio were studied by 6 ×6 complete diallel cross and Griffing method I. Results showed that six characters were affected by additive and non additive effects. Maturity, bracts ratio, head height and leaf coverage ratio significantly affected by additive gene were mainly inherited by GCA; head diameter and head weight were mainly inherited by SCA and were strongly controlled by non-additive genes. Narrow heritability ranked in the order of maturity, bracts rate, leaf coverage ratio, head height, ball diameter and head weight. Concurrent selection of couple traits were head height and head weight, head diameter and head weight, head height and maturity, head weight and leaf coverage ratio, maturity and leaves coverage ratio; but independent selection of couple traits were head height and bracts ratio, head height and leaf coverage ratio, head diameter and maturity, head diameter and bracts ratio, head weight and bracts ratio, maturity and bracts ratio, bracts ratio and leaf coverage ratio. None interacted, and more traits of good characters were combined in the same cultivar. In the six inbred lines, P2 and P5 were ideal parental lines, and P4 was an ideal parental line for cold tolerance. The traits of P2×P4 in combination had better expression and SCA.
Using six inbred line cauliflower (Brassica oleracea Linn.var.botrytis Linn.) varieties from the Yangtze River basin as parents, general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and correlation of primary characters such as head height, head diameter, head weight, maturity traits, bracts ratio and leaf coverage ratio were studied by 6 ×6 complete diallel cross and Griffing method I. Results showed that six characters were affected by additive and non additive effects. Maturity, bracts ratio, head height and leaf coverage ratio significantly affected by additive gene were mainly inherited by GCA; head diameter and head weight were mainly inherited by SCA and were strongly controlled by non-additive genes. Narrow heritability ranked in the order of maturity, bracts rate, leaf coverage ratio, head height, ball diameter and head weight. Concurrent selection of couple traits were head height and head weight, head diameter and head weight, head height and maturity, head weight and leaf coverage ratio, maturity and leaves coverage ratio; but independent selection of couple traits were head height and bracts ratio, head height and leaf coverage ratio, head diameter and maturity, head diameter and bracts ratio, head weight and bracts ratio, maturity and bracts ratio, bracts ratio and leaf coverage ratio. None interacted, and more traits of good characters were combined in the same cultivar. In the six inbred lines, P2 and P5 were ideal parental lines, and P4 was an ideal parental line for cold tolerance. The traits of P2×P4 in combination had better expression and SCA.
2013, 31(2): 151-157.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20151
Abstract：
Tissue culture and regeneration of the medicinal plant, Perilla frutescens, were investigated from different explants with different concentrations and combinations of hormones, and an efficient regeneration system was established. Explants showed high to low regeneration in the order terminal bud, lamina, cotyledon and hypocotyl. The regeneration rate of terminal bud was above 85% with or without hormone, and the addition of appropriate hormone promoted the proliferation rate. The regeneration rate of lamina was 70% on average with 0.05-0.1 mg/L TDZ. Optimal hormone combinations of cotyledon and hypocotyl were MS+KT 1.0 mg/L + IAA 1.0 mg/L and MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + IAA 1.0 mg/L, with regeneration rates of 22.22% and 14.61%, respectively. The best rooting medium was 1/2 MS medium without hormone, leading to rooting rate of 86.67% and root length of 7.36 cm, on average. Explants from lamina could form leaf clusters, which induced adventitious buds repeatedly and proliferated quickly.
Tissue culture and regeneration of the medicinal plant, Perilla frutescens, were investigated from different explants with different concentrations and combinations of hormones, and an efficient regeneration system was established. Explants showed high to low regeneration in the order terminal bud, lamina, cotyledon and hypocotyl. The regeneration rate of terminal bud was above 85% with or without hormone, and the addition of appropriate hormone promoted the proliferation rate. The regeneration rate of lamina was 70% on average with 0.05-0.1 mg/L TDZ. Optimal hormone combinations of cotyledon and hypocotyl were MS+KT 1.0 mg/L + IAA 1.0 mg/L and MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + IAA 1.0 mg/L, with regeneration rates of 22.22% and 14.61%, respectively. The best rooting medium was 1/2 MS medium without hormone, leading to rooting rate of 86.67% and root length of 7.36 cm, on average. Explants from lamina could form leaf clusters, which induced adventitious buds repeatedly and proliferated quickly.
2013, 31(2): 158-163.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20158
Abstract：
Asparagus officinalis Geland is highly resistant to stem blight and was used to study the effect of different auxins and cytokines on callus induction and multiplication of buds and rooting. Results showed that the best culture medium for callus induction was MS + 6-BA 0.3 mg/L+ 2,4-D 1.5 mg/L+Sucrose 25 g/L+Agar 7 g/L, pH 5.8. The best culture medium for callus proliferation and shoot induction was MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+Sucrose 30 g/L+Agar 7 g/L, pH 5.8. The best culture medium for root induction was 1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IBA+1 mg/L PP333+ 0.3 mg/L 6-BA+ Sucrose 30 g/L+Agar 7g/L, pH 5.8.
Asparagus officinalis Geland is highly resistant to stem blight and was used to study the effect of different auxins and cytokines on callus induction and multiplication of buds and rooting. Results showed that the best culture medium for callus induction was MS + 6-BA 0.3 mg/L+ 2,4-D 1.5 mg/L+Sucrose 25 g/L+Agar 7 g/L, pH 5.8. The best culture medium for callus proliferation and shoot induction was MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+Sucrose 30 g/L+Agar 7 g/L, pH 5.8. The best culture medium for root induction was 1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IBA+1 mg/L PP333+ 0.3 mg/L 6-BA+ Sucrose 30 g/L+Agar 7g/L, pH 5.8.
2013, 31(2): 164-170.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20164
Abstract：
A cDNA fragment was isolated from Salsola ferganica by suppression subtractive hybridization and its full-length cDNA with 817 bp was cloned by SMARTTM RACE, and was named SfPR-1 gene (GenBank accession number: JQ670917). The SfPR-1 gene consisted of a 501 bp open reading frame encoding 166 amino acids with molecular weight of 18.01 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.37, a 65 bp 5'-UTR and 251 bp 3'-UTR. The deduced amino acid sequence of SfPR-1 showed high identity of 73.6%, 57.8%, 55.5% and 53.9% to those of pathogen-related protein 1 from Beta vulgaris, Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum and Zea mays, respectively, and had a conserved six-cysteine motif. Reverse transcriptase PCR and Real-time PCR methods were used to investigate the expression profile of the SfPR-1 gene under salt stress. SfPR-1 showed up-regulated expression patterns under salt treatment. Based on our results, we concluded that the SfPR-1 gene might be involved in salt response and an important component for the salt tolerant pathway in Salsola ferganica.
A cDNA fragment was isolated from Salsola ferganica by suppression subtractive hybridization and its full-length cDNA with 817 bp was cloned by SMARTTM RACE, and was named SfPR-1 gene (GenBank accession number: JQ670917). The SfPR-1 gene consisted of a 501 bp open reading frame encoding 166 amino acids with molecular weight of 18.01 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.37, a 65 bp 5'-UTR and 251 bp 3'-UTR. The deduced amino acid sequence of SfPR-1 showed high identity of 73.6%, 57.8%, 55.5% and 53.9% to those of pathogen-related protein 1 from Beta vulgaris, Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum and Zea mays, respectively, and had a conserved six-cysteine motif. Reverse transcriptase PCR and Real-time PCR methods were used to investigate the expression profile of the SfPR-1 gene under salt stress. SfPR-1 showed up-regulated expression patterns under salt treatment. Based on our results, we concluded that the SfPR-1 gene might be involved in salt response and an important component for the salt tolerant pathway in Salsola ferganica.
2013, 31(2): 171-177.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20171
Abstract：
Prokaryotic cytoskeletal protein FtsZ, a microtubule homolog, assembles into a compact circular structure at the mid-cell and plays an important role in cytokinesis. To explore the function of FtsZ in Spirulina platensis morphogenesis, we cloned the ftsZ gene from S.platensis and constructed its fusion tag of GFP expression plasmid pGFP-FtsZ. The recombined expression vector was transformed to Escherichia coli BL21. Western blot analysis showed that the GFP-FtsZ fusion gene was successfully expressed in the transformant. The transformed bacteria that expressed the GFP-FtsZ protein changed from normal short-rod shapes and formed long filaments. The length of the filamentation cells was proportional to the expression amount of FtsZ in cells. Regular-dot distribution of the GFP-FtsZ fusion protein in transformed bacteria was observed by fluorescent light microscopy. The data demonstrated that FtsZ was a highly conserved functional protein. The FtsZ of S.platensis assembled the complete cytokinesis apparatus and formed a Z-ring structure at the future division site to regulate cell division in E.coli.The overexpression of FtsZ blocked the normal cell cycle and led to cell filamentation.
Prokaryotic cytoskeletal protein FtsZ, a microtubule homolog, assembles into a compact circular structure at the mid-cell and plays an important role in cytokinesis. To explore the function of FtsZ in Spirulina platensis morphogenesis, we cloned the ftsZ gene from S.platensis and constructed its fusion tag of GFP expression plasmid pGFP-FtsZ. The recombined expression vector was transformed to Escherichia coli BL21. Western blot analysis showed that the GFP-FtsZ fusion gene was successfully expressed in the transformant. The transformed bacteria that expressed the GFP-FtsZ protein changed from normal short-rod shapes and formed long filaments. The length of the filamentation cells was proportional to the expression amount of FtsZ in cells. Regular-dot distribution of the GFP-FtsZ fusion protein in transformed bacteria was observed by fluorescent light microscopy. The data demonstrated that FtsZ was a highly conserved functional protein. The FtsZ of S.platensis assembled the complete cytokinesis apparatus and formed a Z-ring structure at the future division site to regulate cell division in E.coli.The overexpression of FtsZ blocked the normal cell cycle and led to cell filamentation.
Abstract：
By protein sequence homology comparison with the Pb/Pg-type cyanobacteriochrome TePixJ and TeTlr0924, three homologous genes tlr0911, tlr1215 and tlr1999 from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 were found. By molecular cloning techniques, the GAF domains of those genes were cloned into expression vector pET30a(+), respectively. The E.coli strain BL21 (DE3) harboring the expression plasmid and the pACYCDuet-ho1-pcyA plasmid for phycocyanobilin (PCB) were induced to generate recombinant proteins. The expressed proteins (His)6 tagged at the N-terminus were purified with nickel-affinity His-Trap chelating column. The purified proteins were identified with zinc-induced fluorescence, acidic urea denaturation, fluorescence and absorption spectrum. Results showed that Tlr0911-GAF contained two covalently bound bilin chromophores, phycoviolobilin (PVB) and phycocyanobilin (PCB), and exhibited reversible photoconversion between a blue-absorbing form at 406 nm (Pb406 nm) and a green-absorbing form at 527 nm (Pg527 nm). Tlr1999-GAF was also covalently bound with PVB and PCB, and reversible photoconversion existed between a blue-absorbing form at 417 nm (Pb417 nm) and a teal-absorbing form at 496 nm (Pt496 nm). Neither Tlr1215-GAF1 nor Tlr1215-GAF2 could be spontaneously bound with bilin chromophore.
By protein sequence homology comparison with the Pb/Pg-type cyanobacteriochrome TePixJ and TeTlr0924, three homologous genes tlr0911, tlr1215 and tlr1999 from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 were found. By molecular cloning techniques, the GAF domains of those genes were cloned into expression vector pET30a(+), respectively. The E.coli strain BL21 (DE3) harboring the expression plasmid and the pACYCDuet-ho1-pcyA plasmid for phycocyanobilin (PCB) were induced to generate recombinant proteins. The expressed proteins (His)6 tagged at the N-terminus were purified with nickel-affinity His-Trap chelating column. The purified proteins were identified with zinc-induced fluorescence, acidic urea denaturation, fluorescence and absorption spectrum. Results showed that Tlr0911-GAF contained two covalently bound bilin chromophores, phycoviolobilin (PVB) and phycocyanobilin (PCB), and exhibited reversible photoconversion between a blue-absorbing form at 406 nm (Pb406 nm) and a green-absorbing form at 527 nm (Pg527 nm). Tlr1999-GAF was also covalently bound with PVB and PCB, and reversible photoconversion existed between a blue-absorbing form at 417 nm (Pb417 nm) and a teal-absorbing form at 496 nm (Pt496 nm). Neither Tlr1215-GAF1 nor Tlr1215-GAF2 could be spontaneously bound with bilin chromophore.
2013, 31(2): 186-190.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20186
Abstract：
Minor veins in watermelon leaf blades were studied by transmission electron microscopy.The minor vein was a vascular bundle surrounded by large bundle sheath cells.Xylem parenchyma cells and vessel elements were arranged in a linear form, whereas phloem parenchyma cells, companion cells, and sieve elements aggregated to form the head.Two types of companion cells can be distinguished based on their ultrastructural features.One type (2a type) was smaller, contains larger vacuoles, and possessed few plasmodesmata, which did not branch.The other type was located on both sides of the phloem and contacted the vascular bundle sheath with a large area.This type was typically characterized by the presence of abundant vesicles in cytoplasm and numerous branched plasmodesmata across its walls.These features define the cells as intermediary cells.Therefore, it was proposed that watermelon belongs to plants that possess two types of companion cells in the same minor veins.
Minor veins in watermelon leaf blades were studied by transmission electron microscopy.The minor vein was a vascular bundle surrounded by large bundle sheath cells.Xylem parenchyma cells and vessel elements were arranged in a linear form, whereas phloem parenchyma cells, companion cells, and sieve elements aggregated to form the head.Two types of companion cells can be distinguished based on their ultrastructural features.One type (2a type) was smaller, contains larger vacuoles, and possessed few plasmodesmata, which did not branch.The other type was located on both sides of the phloem and contacted the vascular bundle sheath with a large area.This type was typically characterized by the presence of abundant vesicles in cytoplasm and numerous branched plasmodesmata across its walls.These features define the cells as intermediary cells.Therefore, it was proposed that watermelon belongs to plants that possess two types of companion cells in the same minor veins.
2013, 31(2): 191-197.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20191
Abstract：
Rubus aleaefolius Poir.(Rosaceae), "Cu Ye Xuan Gou Zi", is used as Chinese medicine to treat liver injury and cancer in the south of China.Polyphenols and triterpenoids in its leaves were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detector and tandem mass spectrometry.Compound structures were tentatively identified by comparing ultraviolet (UV) spectra and mass spectra with those of certain authentic samples and literature.Eighteen compounds were analyzed in the leaves of R.aleaefolius, among which two polyphenols were definitely identified, and nine polyphenols and seven triterpenoids were tentatively identified.Additionally, fragmentation patterns of main fragment ions for triterpenoids in negative ion mode were proposed and summarized.According to these patterns, a triterpenoid, 3-O-p-coumaroyl-19α-hydroxyursolic acid was tentatively identified.Rutin, chlorogenic acid and 3-O-p-coumaroyl-19α-hydroxyursolic acid were reported in the R.aleaefolius leaves for the first time.
Rubus aleaefolius Poir.(Rosaceae), "Cu Ye Xuan Gou Zi", is used as Chinese medicine to treat liver injury and cancer in the south of China.Polyphenols and triterpenoids in its leaves were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detector and tandem mass spectrometry.Compound structures were tentatively identified by comparing ultraviolet (UV) spectra and mass spectra with those of certain authentic samples and literature.Eighteen compounds were analyzed in the leaves of R.aleaefolius, among which two polyphenols were definitely identified, and nine polyphenols and seven triterpenoids were tentatively identified.Additionally, fragmentation patterns of main fragment ions for triterpenoids in negative ion mode were proposed and summarized.According to these patterns, a triterpenoid, 3-O-p-coumaroyl-19α-hydroxyursolic acid was tentatively identified.Rutin, chlorogenic acid and 3-O-p-coumaroyl-19α-hydroxyursolic acid were reported in the R.aleaefolius leaves for the first time.
2013, 31(2): 198-202.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20198
Abstract：
Increasing concern over environmental and food safety caused by organic synthetic pesticides has highlighted the need for alternative products. Pesticidal activity screening from plants could lead to the discovery of new pest control agents. Antifungal activities of eleven plant essential oils were screened against six plant pathogenic fungi by mycelia growth methods. Results indicated that all tested essential oils possessed obvious antifungal activities against the six fungi at a concentration of 2 g/L, especially the antifungal activities of citronella, cinnamon, geranium, lavender, tea tree, and mint oils, which exhibited 100% inhibition against all tested plant pathogenic fungi. The EC50 values of cinnamon oil against Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum were 29.05 μg/mL and 42.96 μg/mL, respectively, and of geranium oil were 34.02 g/mL and 68.48 μg/mL, respectively.
Increasing concern over environmental and food safety caused by organic synthetic pesticides has highlighted the need for alternative products. Pesticidal activity screening from plants could lead to the discovery of new pest control agents. Antifungal activities of eleven plant essential oils were screened against six plant pathogenic fungi by mycelia growth methods. Results indicated that all tested essential oils possessed obvious antifungal activities against the six fungi at a concentration of 2 g/L, especially the antifungal activities of citronella, cinnamon, geranium, lavender, tea tree, and mint oils, which exhibited 100% inhibition against all tested plant pathogenic fungi. The EC50 values of cinnamon oil against Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum were 29.05 μg/mL and 42.96 μg/mL, respectively, and of geranium oil were 34.02 g/mL and 68.48 μg/mL, respectively.
2013, 31(2): 203-208.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20203
Abstract：
Biological characters of Sterculia nobilis Smith were briefly introduced as a native woody plant with edible seeds in South China.Nutritional compositions of the seeds from Guangxi were measured.The antioxidant activities were determined by evaluating reducing power,metal chelating capacity,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity,and superoxide anion-scavenging activity of polyphenols extraction from the seeds.The results showed that S.nobilis Smith seeds were nutritious,contained eighteen amino acids and abundant polyphenols.The content of starch was 60.42 g/100 g FW, protein was 20.32 g/100 g FW, fat was 2.18 g/100 g FW, amino acids were 2.36 g/100 g FW, Fe was 136.86 mg/100 g FW, vitamin C was 7225 μg/100 g FW, and total phenols were 401.84 μg/mL gallic acid.Polyphenols extraction of S.nobilis Smith seeds expressed rather strong reducing power,metal chelating capacity,DPPH radical-scavenging activity,hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity and superoxide anion-scavenging activity.In the content range of 0-50 μg/mL gallic acid,S.nobilis Smith seeds expressed nearly the same antioxidant activity to that of ascorbic acid and EDTA.Thus,S.nobilis is a potential functional food resource plant due to its comprehensive nutrition and high antioxidant activities.
Biological characters of Sterculia nobilis Smith were briefly introduced as a native woody plant with edible seeds in South China.Nutritional compositions of the seeds from Guangxi were measured.The antioxidant activities were determined by evaluating reducing power,metal chelating capacity,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity,and superoxide anion-scavenging activity of polyphenols extraction from the seeds.The results showed that S.nobilis Smith seeds were nutritious,contained eighteen amino acids and abundant polyphenols.The content of starch was 60.42 g/100 g FW, protein was 20.32 g/100 g FW, fat was 2.18 g/100 g FW, amino acids were 2.36 g/100 g FW, Fe was 136.86 mg/100 g FW, vitamin C was 7225 μg/100 g FW, and total phenols were 401.84 μg/mL gallic acid.Polyphenols extraction of S.nobilis Smith seeds expressed rather strong reducing power,metal chelating capacity,DPPH radical-scavenging activity,hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity and superoxide anion-scavenging activity.In the content range of 0-50 μg/mL gallic acid,S.nobilis Smith seeds expressed nearly the same antioxidant activity to that of ascorbic acid and EDTA.Thus,S.nobilis is a potential functional food resource plant due to its comprehensive nutrition and high antioxidant activities.
