2007 Vol. 25 No. 2
2007, 25(2): 109-111.
Abstract：
The morphogenesis and development of lamina stomata in Arabidopsis thaliana was studied,usingconfocal laser scanning microscope/Uhe results showed that all types of cells,such as trichomes,subsidiary,guard and epidermal pavement cells,and their morphogenesis variation were observed clearly under UV laser(351 nm).During the formation of stomata,one protodermal cell produced a meristemoid and subsidiary cells by asymmetric division,followed by the formation of guard mother cell,which became two guard cells.Stomata were terminally differentiated.After the formation of stomata,guard cells could not emit fluorescence under UV laser(351 nm).So blue laser(488 nm)with staining by fluorescein was adopted and guard cells were seen clearly.It indicated that CLSM was a very novel tool to study the morphogenesis and development of lamina stomata.
The morphogenesis and development of lamina stomata in Arabidopsis thaliana was studied,usingconfocal laser scanning microscope/Uhe results showed that all types of cells,such as trichomes,subsidiary,guard and epidermal pavement cells,and their morphogenesis variation were observed clearly under UV laser(351 nm).During the formation of stomata,one protodermal cell produced a meristemoid and subsidiary cells by asymmetric division,followed by the formation of guard mother cell,which became two guard cells.Stomata were terminally differentiated.After the formation of stomata,guard cells could not emit fluorescence under UV laser(351 nm).So blue laser(488 nm)with staining by fluorescein was adopted and guard cells were seen clearly.It indicated that CLSM was a very novel tool to study the morphogenesis and development of lamina stomata.
2007, 25(2): 112-117.
Abstract：
The proteins of HL type cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)rice pollen of YTA(male-sterile line)and YTB(maintenance line)were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH(3-10 non-linear,NL)gradients as the first dimension and SDS-PAGE as the second.The silver-stained proteins spots were analyzed using Image Master 2D software,there were about 1500 detectable spots on each 2D-gel,and about 120 spots were differentially expressed.With direct MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis and protein database searching,7 protein spots out of 15 were identified.Among those proteins,there were 4 proteins were down-regulated or absent in YTA,which were a putative phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase,a putative membrane-associated salt-inducible protein,a putative mitochondrial NAD+-dependent malic enzyme and a rice mitochondrion H+-transporting two-sector ATPase alpha chain respectively.It seemed reasonable to infer that the decrease or absence of those proteins in pollen might relate to the pollen sterility caused by the mitochondrial insufficient energy.While the up-regulation of the protein,mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion-selective channel(VDAC)protein,in YTA,might involve in the programmed cell death during the pollen abortion.
The proteins of HL type cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)rice pollen of YTA(male-sterile line)and YTB(maintenance line)were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH(3-10 non-linear,NL)gradients as the first dimension and SDS-PAGE as the second.The silver-stained proteins spots were analyzed using Image Master 2D software,there were about 1500 detectable spots on each 2D-gel,and about 120 spots were differentially expressed.With direct MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis and protein database searching,7 protein spots out of 15 were identified.Among those proteins,there were 4 proteins were down-regulated or absent in YTA,which were a putative phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase,a putative membrane-associated salt-inducible protein,a putative mitochondrial NAD+-dependent malic enzyme and a rice mitochondrion H+-transporting two-sector ATPase alpha chain respectively.It seemed reasonable to infer that the decrease or absence of those proteins in pollen might relate to the pollen sterility caused by the mitochondrial insufficient energy.While the up-regulation of the protein,mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion-selective channel(VDAC)protein,in YTA,might involve in the programmed cell death during the pollen abortion.
2007, 25(2): 118-122.
Abstract：
The highly-efficient plant expression vector harbouring bivalent genes was constructed by applying the artificially-modified-synthesized VHb gene(vgbM gene)and the modified Bt gene(GFMcryIA gene),vgbM gene experession cassettes contained such cis-acting elements as 35S promoter,two enhancers,Ω and Kozak sequence,poly-terminator and Nos terminator,besides these elements,Bt gene expression cassettes contained splicing sequence,processing sequence and Poly(A)sequence.Transgenic tobacco plants were obtained through the transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaiens carrying the expression vector PGBI4ASVHBBt,by PCR amplification and Southern blot analysis,it was proved that the bivalent genes were inserted into the tobacco plant genome;through western blot analysis it was also verified that vgbM gene expressed in the transgenic plants.Toxicity assay indicated that transgenic plants expressed pesticidal toxin protein.
The highly-efficient plant expression vector harbouring bivalent genes was constructed by applying the artificially-modified-synthesized VHb gene(vgbM gene)and the modified Bt gene(GFMcryIA gene),vgbM gene experession cassettes contained such cis-acting elements as 35S promoter,two enhancers,Ω and Kozak sequence,poly-terminator and Nos terminator,besides these elements,Bt gene expression cassettes contained splicing sequence,processing sequence and Poly(A)sequence.Transgenic tobacco plants were obtained through the transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaiens carrying the expression vector PGBI4ASVHBBt,by PCR amplification and Southern blot analysis,it was proved that the bivalent genes were inserted into the tobacco plant genome;through western blot analysis it was also verified that vgbM gene expressed in the transgenic plants.Toxicity assay indicated that transgenic plants expressed pesticidal toxin protein.
2007, 25(2): 123-126.
Abstract：
Based on the design of degenerated oligonucleotides according to the conservative regions of eight 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductases from six plants and total RNA extracted from Euphorbia pekinensis,a 458 bp fragment of hmgr was obtained using reverse transcription PCR strategy.Through sequence analysis by BlastP online,the resulting protein showed high homology to 3-hydroxy-3-methylgluta-ryl-CoA reductase,with 90% identification compared with Eucommia ulmoides(AAV54051),86% with Andrographis paniculata(AAP14352),86% with Picrorhiza kurrooa(ABC74565),92% with Hevea brasiliensis(AAU08214),87% with Gossypium barbadense(ABC71314)and 88% with Gentiana lutea(BAE92730).Deduced amino acid sequence were also analyzed by PROSITE,ClustalX and Phylogenic tree,and data present evidence for the existence of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in E.peki-nensis,which is the first report of the hmgr gene isolated from E.pekinensis.
Based on the design of degenerated oligonucleotides according to the conservative regions of eight 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductases from six plants and total RNA extracted from Euphorbia pekinensis,a 458 bp fragment of hmgr was obtained using reverse transcription PCR strategy.Through sequence analysis by BlastP online,the resulting protein showed high homology to 3-hydroxy-3-methylgluta-ryl-CoA reductase,with 90% identification compared with Eucommia ulmoides(AAV54051),86% with Andrographis paniculata(AAP14352),86% with Picrorhiza kurrooa(ABC74565),92% with Hevea brasiliensis(AAU08214),87% with Gossypium barbadense(ABC71314)and 88% with Gentiana lutea(BAE92730).Deduced amino acid sequence were also analyzed by PROSITE,ClustalX and Phylogenic tree,and data present evidence for the existence of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in E.peki-nensis,which is the first report of the hmgr gene isolated from E.pekinensis.
2007, 25(2): 127-135.
Abstract：
The pollen morphology of 13 species,1 varieties and 1 forma of the genus Polygonum s.str.(Polygonaceae)in China were examined through the scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results show the pollen grains prolate or perprolate,tricolporate,but exine ornamentations are sharply various and may be divided into 4 types:(1)Pollen surface finely reticulate;(2)Pollen surface granulate;(3)Pollen surface granulate merely on the shoulders of mescolpium,but smooth all the rest;(4)Pollen surface smooth on the shoulders of mescolpium,but granulate all the rest.Basing on the pollen morphological features and the habit,petioles and pedicels articulate or not,number of the styles and stigmata and shape of achenes as well,the authors propose a four sectional classification of the genus Polygonum s.str.in China:(1)Section Fruticulosae(Boiss.)F.Z.Li et Y.T.Hou,stat.& comb.nov.;(2)Section Polygonum;(3)Section Pseudomollia Boiss.;(4)Section Plebeia Tzvel.
The pollen morphology of 13 species,1 varieties and 1 forma of the genus Polygonum s.str.(Polygonaceae)in China were examined through the scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results show the pollen grains prolate or perprolate,tricolporate,but exine ornamentations are sharply various and may be divided into 4 types:(1)Pollen surface finely reticulate;(2)Pollen surface granulate;(3)Pollen surface granulate merely on the shoulders of mescolpium,but smooth all the rest;(4)Pollen surface smooth on the shoulders of mescolpium,but granulate all the rest.Basing on the pollen morphological features and the habit,petioles and pedicels articulate or not,number of the styles and stigmata and shape of achenes as well,the authors propose a four sectional classification of the genus Polygonum s.str.in China:(1)Section Fruticulosae(Boiss.)F.Z.Li et Y.T.Hou,stat.& comb.nov.;(2)Section Polygonum;(3)Section Pseudomollia Boiss.;(4)Section Plebeia Tzvel.
2007, 25(2): 136-142.
Abstract：
The leaf lower epidermal characters of 17 species and 7 varieties of Polygonum sect.Cephalophilon in China were observed under light microscope(LM).Four main types of leaf lower epidermal micro-morphology could be recognized in the present paper:(1)The stomata are anomocytic;the shape of the leaf epidermal cells is irregular,and the anticlinal walls undulate or sinuate;(2)The stomata are non-typical anisocytic,rarely anomocytic;the shape of the leaf epidermal cells is polygonal or irregular,and the anticlinal walls straight,undulate to sinuate;(3)The stomata are paracytic;the shape of the epidermal cells is irregular,and the anticlinal walls sinuate;(4)The stomata are paracytic and non-typical anisocy-tic;the shape of the epidermal cells is irregular,and the anticlinal walls undulate.A new viewpoint of four new series which are series Palmatifolia,series Perennes,series Criopolitana,series Annui was proposed in this paper on the basis of the evidences from stomata type of leaf lower epidermis as well as gross morphology and habts.
The leaf lower epidermal characters of 17 species and 7 varieties of Polygonum sect.Cephalophilon in China were observed under light microscope(LM).Four main types of leaf lower epidermal micro-morphology could be recognized in the present paper:(1)The stomata are anomocytic;the shape of the leaf epidermal cells is irregular,and the anticlinal walls undulate or sinuate;(2)The stomata are non-typical anisocytic,rarely anomocytic;the shape of the leaf epidermal cells is polygonal or irregular,and the anticlinal walls straight,undulate to sinuate;(3)The stomata are paracytic;the shape of the epidermal cells is irregular,and the anticlinal walls sinuate;(4)The stomata are paracytic and non-typical anisocy-tic;the shape of the epidermal cells is irregular,and the anticlinal walls undulate.A new viewpoint of four new series which are series Palmatifolia,series Perennes,series Criopolitana,series Annui was proposed in this paper on the basis of the evidences from stomata type of leaf lower epidermis as well as gross morphology and habts.
2007, 25(2): 143-148.
Abstract：
The phylogenetic position of Angelica apaensis Heracleum apaense(A.apaensis was used in the following),which belongs to Angelicinae in Umberlliferae,is controversial.To clear its phylogenetic position,ITS(internal transcribed spacer)sequences from A.apaensis and 16 other species in these two genera(4 of them were from GenBank)were used to compute their genetic distances and to construct phylogenetic trees,Notopterygium incisum was used as the outgroup.Analysis on different ITS regions resulted in contradictory conclusions:analysis on ITS1 sequences indicated that A.apaensis should belong to Ange-lica,while analysis on ITS2 sequence suggested that it belongs to Heracleum.Further studies demonstrated that A.apaensis possessed base sequence characters similar to plants in Angelica in ITS1 region,but had base sequence characters similar to plants in Heracleum in ITS2 region.Therefore,results of this study support the view that A.apaensis is a transitional taxon between Angelica and Heracleum.
The phylogenetic position of Angelica apaensis Heracleum apaense(A.apaensis was used in the following),which belongs to Angelicinae in Umberlliferae,is controversial.To clear its phylogenetic position,ITS(internal transcribed spacer)sequences from A.apaensis and 16 other species in these two genera(4 of them were from GenBank)were used to compute their genetic distances and to construct phylogenetic trees,Notopterygium incisum was used as the outgroup.Analysis on different ITS regions resulted in contradictory conclusions:analysis on ITS1 sequences indicated that A.apaensis should belong to Ange-lica,while analysis on ITS2 sequence suggested that it belongs to Heracleum.Further studies demonstrated that A.apaensis possessed base sequence characters similar to plants in Angelica in ITS1 region,but had base sequence characters similar to plants in Heracleum in ITS2 region.Therefore,results of this study support the view that A.apaensis is a transitional taxon between Angelica and Heracleum.
2007, 25(2): 149-157.
Abstract：
Based on overall morphological characters of 49 species and 4 variations of Quercus in China,we measured 25 qualitative and 18 quantitative characters.In cluster analysis,the result revealed that Quercus were divided clearly into five phenetic groups,namely Section Aegilops,Section Quercus,Section Brachylepides,Section Engleriana and Section Echinolepides.Principal components analysis obtained the same result of the cluster analysis,but the cumulation rises slowly and that of the first three principal components presented only 50.4%.These results indicated that the principal taxonomic characters exist in Quercus for taxonomy still,only in the period of evolution,several different phenetic groups were produced in the genus Quercus.The result was useful for identifying closely related species of Quercus as well.The method of numerical taxonomy was significance in taxonomy for Quercus.
Based on overall morphological characters of 49 species and 4 variations of Quercus in China,we measured 25 qualitative and 18 quantitative characters.In cluster analysis,the result revealed that Quercus were divided clearly into five phenetic groups,namely Section Aegilops,Section Quercus,Section Brachylepides,Section Engleriana and Section Echinolepides.Principal components analysis obtained the same result of the cluster analysis,but the cumulation rises slowly and that of the first three principal components presented only 50.4%.These results indicated that the principal taxonomic characters exist in Quercus for taxonomy still,only in the period of evolution,several different phenetic groups were produced in the genus Quercus.The result was useful for identifying closely related species of Quercus as well.The method of numerical taxonomy was significance in taxonomy for Quercus.
2007, 25(2): 158-162.
Abstract：
On the basis of field investigation,the restorable community characteristics of the wind-damaged slash in Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve are studied.The results show that there are 84 species of vascular plants in the wind-damaged restorable community in Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve,which belong to 38 families and 60 genera.The majority of the families and genera are tropic types,which reflects the characteristics of sub-tropic flora with the tropic types as the dominant types.Most of the plants in the restorable community are phanerophytes with coriaceous,entire leaf,simple leaf and microphyll.The stratification of the vertical of the restorable community is obvious.From the top to down,they are divided into shrub layer,tree layer and herb layer.The species diversity index are high in the restorable community,the difference of the index are not remarkable between investigated plots,and the variation patterns of species diversity are similar whichever the index is used.
On the basis of field investigation,the restorable community characteristics of the wind-damaged slash in Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve are studied.The results show that there are 84 species of vascular plants in the wind-damaged restorable community in Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve,which belong to 38 families and 60 genera.The majority of the families and genera are tropic types,which reflects the characteristics of sub-tropic flora with the tropic types as the dominant types.Most of the plants in the restorable community are phanerophytes with coriaceous,entire leaf,simple leaf and microphyll.The stratification of the vertical of the restorable community is obvious.From the top to down,they are divided into shrub layer,tree layer and herb layer.The species diversity index are high in the restorable community,the difference of the index are not remarkable between investigated plots,and the variation patterns of species diversity are similar whichever the index is used.
2007, 25(2): 163-168.
Abstract：
Shannon-Wiener coefficient of niche breadth and Levins coefficient of niche overlap were used to study the niche characteristics of Berchemiella wilsoni var.pubipetiolata based on large numbers of plot investigations in Huoshan and Shucheng of Anhui Province,Tuankou and Maxiao of Zhejiang Province,China.The results showed that(1)the niche breadth of B.wilsoni var.pubipetiolata were narrow in Huoshan,Shucheng and Tuankou,except Maxiao,(2)the niche overlap between B.wilsoni var.pubipetiolata and a few other species with narrow niche breadth were great.Moreover,at all communities,main dominant species had also narrow niche breadth too,and the values of niche overlap for these dominant species with most associated species were very small,including B.wilsoni var.pubipetiolata,and(3)the niche differentiation among all the species was obvious.In conclusion,B.wilsoni var.pubipetiolata had weak ability to utilize resources because of its small niche breadth value,niche specialization and poor competition with the other species,and human disturbance and niche specificity are greatly related to the species endangerment.
Shannon-Wiener coefficient of niche breadth and Levins coefficient of niche overlap were used to study the niche characteristics of Berchemiella wilsoni var.pubipetiolata based on large numbers of plot investigations in Huoshan and Shucheng of Anhui Province,Tuankou and Maxiao of Zhejiang Province,China.The results showed that(1)the niche breadth of B.wilsoni var.pubipetiolata were narrow in Huoshan,Shucheng and Tuankou,except Maxiao,(2)the niche overlap between B.wilsoni var.pubipetiolata and a few other species with narrow niche breadth were great.Moreover,at all communities,main dominant species had also narrow niche breadth too,and the values of niche overlap for these dominant species with most associated species were very small,including B.wilsoni var.pubipetiolata,and(3)the niche differentiation among all the species was obvious.In conclusion,B.wilsoni var.pubipetiolata had weak ability to utilize resources because of its small niche breadth value,niche specialization and poor competition with the other species,and human disturbance and niche specificity are greatly related to the species endangerment.
2007, 25(2): 169-172.
Abstract：
Spores of Dolichomitriopsis diversiformis were planted on Knop medium and cultured in incubator,and the process of spore germination and protonema growth were illustrated and microphotographs were taken.The results are as follows:spores began to germinate in the 2nd day and over 90% of them germinated in the 6th day.Protonema system was composed of the chloronema and caulonema.The rhizoides were formed from the bud base and produced from the caulonema which were degenerated.Gametophore primordium occurred at the branch base of the chloronema or at the caulonema cells which have cross walls that are oblique to the filament axis.Rhizoides were produced from nearly any part of the gametophore.The germination type of its spore was bryum type.
Spores of Dolichomitriopsis diversiformis were planted on Knop medium and cultured in incubator,and the process of spore germination and protonema growth were illustrated and microphotographs were taken.The results are as follows:spores began to germinate in the 2nd day and over 90% of them germinated in the 6th day.Protonema system was composed of the chloronema and caulonema.The rhizoides were formed from the bud base and produced from the caulonema which were degenerated.Gametophore primordium occurred at the branch base of the chloronema or at the caulonema cells which have cross walls that are oblique to the filament axis.Rhizoides were produced from nearly any part of the gametophore.The germination type of its spore was bryum type.
Abstract：
The effect of different spore storage time and cultivate conditions on the formation of gametophyte and sporophyte in Adiantum reniforme var.sinense was investigated in present study.The results showed that the spores of A.reniforme var.sinense was non-chlorophyllous spores and could remain viable in ambient storage for at least five years,but different storage time has a significant effect on formation time of both gametophytes and sporophytes,with that 7 days ambient storage resulting gametophyte formation in 29 days prolonged five year ambient storage resulting sporophyte formation in 38 days,whereas 7 days ambient storage resulting sporophyte formation in 96 days prolonged four month storage resulting sporophyte formation in 105 days.The culture condition(controlled temperature and light:(25±1)℃ and 2000-2500 lx for 12 h/day)in sand media resulted in a shortest sporophyte formation time,87 days after sporaphyte was inoculated.The sand medium is more favorable than peat soil for sporophyte formation and high density of gametophytes enhanced the sporsphyte formation.
The effect of different spore storage time and cultivate conditions on the formation of gametophyte and sporophyte in Adiantum reniforme var.sinense was investigated in present study.The results showed that the spores of A.reniforme var.sinense was non-chlorophyllous spores and could remain viable in ambient storage for at least five years,but different storage time has a significant effect on formation time of both gametophytes and sporophytes,with that 7 days ambient storage resulting gametophyte formation in 29 days prolonged five year ambient storage resulting sporophyte formation in 38 days,whereas 7 days ambient storage resulting sporophyte formation in 96 days prolonged four month storage resulting sporophyte formation in 105 days.The culture condition(controlled temperature and light:(25±1)℃ and 2000-2500 lx for 12 h/day)in sand media resulted in a shortest sporophyte formation time,87 days after sporaphyte was inoculated.The sand medium is more favorable than peat soil for sporophyte formation and high density of gametophytes enhanced the sporsphyte formation.
2007, 25(2): 178-184.
Abstract：
Because most of the species of Rhododendron Subgenus Hymenanthes locate at high altitude in southwest of China,it is very difficult for us to collect and plant them.However,semination and seedling growth are used to solve this problem.Experiments indicate that:(1)Temperatures of environment and the systematic position of species have certain influence to the speed of seed germination.The germination speed is faster with the temperature rising when the average temperature is below 20℃.Among the four subsection of which we have ample materials for testing,subsect.Fortunea has the fastest germination speed,subsect.Pontica has the slowest germination speed,while subsect.Argyrophylla,subsect.Irrorata have the germination speed in between.(2)The rate of emergence and survival,the growth of young plant are closely correlated with the media of semination,the producing area,source and the systematic position.The medium for higher rate of emergence is humic soil,but the best medium for rate of survival and the growth of young plant are humic soil plus moss.In effect of seedling growth,the plants from east China,south China and central China are better than those from southwest China,and the plants from Japan and North American are prior to those from Europe.Domesticated plants are better than native ones.The species distributed in the east have better effects of seedling growth than those in southwest.(3)Because of the humid and cool environment at Lushan,it is suitable to propagation of Rhododendron Subgenus Hymenanthes and growth its seedlings there.The management during seedling growth,the prevention and cure of Rhizoctonia solani are critical to success of propagation.
Because most of the species of Rhododendron Subgenus Hymenanthes locate at high altitude in southwest of China,it is very difficult for us to collect and plant them.However,semination and seedling growth are used to solve this problem.Experiments indicate that:(1)Temperatures of environment and the systematic position of species have certain influence to the speed of seed germination.The germination speed is faster with the temperature rising when the average temperature is below 20℃.Among the four subsection of which we have ample materials for testing,subsect.Fortunea has the fastest germination speed,subsect.Pontica has the slowest germination speed,while subsect.Argyrophylla,subsect.Irrorata have the germination speed in between.(2)The rate of emergence and survival,the growth of young plant are closely correlated with the media of semination,the producing area,source and the systematic position.The medium for higher rate of emergence is humic soil,but the best medium for rate of survival and the growth of young plant are humic soil plus moss.In effect of seedling growth,the plants from east China,south China and central China are better than those from southwest China,and the plants from Japan and North American are prior to those from Europe.Domesticated plants are better than native ones.The species distributed in the east have better effects of seedling growth than those in southwest.(3)Because of the humid and cool environment at Lushan,it is suitable to propagation of Rhododendron Subgenus Hymenanthes and growth its seedlings there.The management during seedling growth,the prevention and cure of Rhizoctonia solani are critical to success of propagation.
2007, 25(2): 185-191.
Abstract：
A detailed study was carried out to investigate key factors affecting shoot elongation of pepper.Using the cotyledons of pepper as explants,the optimal phytohormone combination of BA+IAA for bud induction was screened out to investigate the effect of GA3,bud-inducting time,organic constituents in media,different phytohormone combinations and cultivars on shoot elongation.The results were as follows:Seven cultivars showed ability differences for bud induction,and BA 3.0 mg·L-1+IAA 0.5 mg·L-1 could give the highest response.The shoot elongation frequency increased with GA3 concentration,with the optimal concentration of 1.0-2.0 mg·L-1.The buds subjected to 21-day induction showed higher elongation efficiency than that of 14-day induction.B5 vitamins were more efficient than MS vitamins for shoot elongation.The phytohormone combination of Zeatin+GA3 exhibited higher elongation efficiency than combinations of BA+IAA+GA3 or BA+PAA+GA3.Elongation ability varied with pepper cultivars,with Chufeng and Sujiao No.5 having the best elongation ability.Compared with IAA and NAA,IBA gave better rooting effect.
A detailed study was carried out to investigate key factors affecting shoot elongation of pepper.Using the cotyledons of pepper as explants,the optimal phytohormone combination of BA+IAA for bud induction was screened out to investigate the effect of GA3,bud-inducting time,organic constituents in media,different phytohormone combinations and cultivars on shoot elongation.The results were as follows:Seven cultivars showed ability differences for bud induction,and BA 3.0 mg·L-1+IAA 0.5 mg·L-1 could give the highest response.The shoot elongation frequency increased with GA3 concentration,with the optimal concentration of 1.0-2.0 mg·L-1.The buds subjected to 21-day induction showed higher elongation efficiency than that of 14-day induction.B5 vitamins were more efficient than MS vitamins for shoot elongation.The phytohormone combination of Zeatin+GA3 exhibited higher elongation efficiency than combinations of BA+IAA+GA3 or BA+PAA+GA3.Elongation ability varied with pepper cultivars,with Chufeng and Sujiao No.5 having the best elongation ability.Compared with IAA and NAA,IBA gave better rooting effect.
2007, 25(2): 192-197.
Abstract：
The cuttings of Schefflera octophylla were dipped in two solutions and water control for cutting reproduction experiments.The two solutions contain Carbendazim+Thiram and NAA+IBA,respectively.Form growth index and endogenous hormone dynamics,IAA and ABA,during whole rooting process,were studied.The results indicated that NAA+IBA and Carbendazim+Thiram can promote rooting.The survival rates of the cuttings dipped in solutions were more significant than the control group(p<0.01).The best concentration of Carbendazim+Thiram was 519 mg/L dipped for 3 h.The treatments of 519 mg/L Carbendazim+Thiram and 200 mg/L NAA+IBA enhanced the content of IAA in basal stems,while reduced ABA.After treated for 1.5 h with the mixture of the two solutions,the survival rate reaches 95.6%,increased 10% than only treated by 200 mg/L NAA+IBA(p<0.05).The results showed that cutting of S.octophylla were mix-striking root(adventitious roots originated from cortices and calli).
The cuttings of Schefflera octophylla were dipped in two solutions and water control for cutting reproduction experiments.The two solutions contain Carbendazim+Thiram and NAA+IBA,respectively.Form growth index and endogenous hormone dynamics,IAA and ABA,during whole rooting process,were studied.The results indicated that NAA+IBA and Carbendazim+Thiram can promote rooting.The survival rates of the cuttings dipped in solutions were more significant than the control group(p<0.01).The best concentration of Carbendazim+Thiram was 519 mg/L dipped for 3 h.The treatments of 519 mg/L Carbendazim+Thiram and 200 mg/L NAA+IBA enhanced the content of IAA in basal stems,while reduced ABA.After treated for 1.5 h with the mixture of the two solutions,the survival rate reaches 95.6%,increased 10% than only treated by 200 mg/L NAA+IBA(p<0.05).The results showed that cutting of S.octophylla were mix-striking root(adventitious roots originated from cortices and calli).
2007, 25(2): 198-202.
Abstract：
Hybridization and polyploidy may trigger changes in genome structure and cause widespread alterations in gene expression.Thus,hybridization and succedent polyploidy is a prominent and significant process in plant evolution.Many studies have demonstrated that the complicated changes in gene expression always occurred after polyploidization,including gene silencing,genomic bias and tissue-specific expression of some genes,and gene activation,etc.In this review,we summarized the characteristics of the changes of gene expression in polyploid plants and their molecular mechanisms.
Hybridization and polyploidy may trigger changes in genome structure and cause widespread alterations in gene expression.Thus,hybridization and succedent polyploidy is a prominent and significant process in plant evolution.Many studies have demonstrated that the complicated changes in gene expression always occurred after polyploidization,including gene silencing,genomic bias and tissue-specific expression of some genes,and gene activation,etc.In this review,we summarized the characteristics of the changes of gene expression in polyploid plants and their molecular mechanisms.
2007, 25(2): 203-204.
Abstract：
The number and karyotype of Albizzia julibrissin chromosome is researched,applying fingertip pressing flake method.The formula for Karyotype is reported in this paper.which is 2n=26=18m+6sm+2st and belongs to the type of “2B”.The number of A.julibrissin cell chromosome is 2n=26.The relative length of chromosome is 2n=26=4L+8M2+12M1+2S.The chromosomal characteristics prove that the A.julibrissin belongs to more advanced species.
The number and karyotype of Albizzia julibrissin chromosome is researched,applying fingertip pressing flake method.The formula for Karyotype is reported in this paper.which is 2n=26=18m+6sm+2st and belongs to the type of “2B”.The number of A.julibrissin cell chromosome is 2n=26.The relative length of chromosome is 2n=26=4L+8M2+12M1+2S.The chromosomal characteristics prove that the A.julibrissin belongs to more advanced species.
2007, 25(2): 205-208.
Abstract：
The gametophyte development of Blechnum orientale L.from China is observed under the condition of liquid medium in this paper.The results show that the spore of B.orientale is bilaterally symmetric,elliptic in polar view,semicircle or fabaceous in equatorial view,the lophate is formed by the perispore;The pattern of spore germination is of vittaria-type;the prothallial development is aspidium-type;The developed prothallial is cordiform.Through comparative analysis,it is feasible to make use of mixed soil to cultivate when the spores of fern develop.It is also feasible to use liquid medium in the study of the development of gametophyte.From of the view of spore morpha and gametophyte development,B.orientale is more evolutional species in fern,and close to dryopteridaceae in genetic relationship.The results try to provide some medium information for the culture of fern gametophyte and spore propagation,as well as accumulate some data for ferns systematic.
The gametophyte development of Blechnum orientale L.from China is observed under the condition of liquid medium in this paper.The results show that the spore of B.orientale is bilaterally symmetric,elliptic in polar view,semicircle or fabaceous in equatorial view,the lophate is formed by the perispore;The pattern of spore germination is of vittaria-type;the prothallial development is aspidium-type;The developed prothallial is cordiform.Through comparative analysis,it is feasible to make use of mixed soil to cultivate when the spores of fern develop.It is also feasible to use liquid medium in the study of the development of gametophyte.From of the view of spore morpha and gametophyte development,B.orientale is more evolutional species in fern,and close to dryopteridaceae in genetic relationship.The results try to provide some medium information for the culture of fern gametophyte and spore propagation,as well as accumulate some data for ferns systematic.
2007, 25(2): 209-212.
Abstract：
Effects of UV-B radiation on physiology of Cyclamen persicum Mill were studied through indoor simulation experiment.The result showed that:(1)Photosynthesis pigments(chlorphyll a,chlorphyll b and carotinoid)contents increased with UV-B radiation,and decreased with the enhanced UV-B radiation prolonged;(2)Membrane permeability of the leaves were increased by UV-B radiation and increased with the enhanced UV-B radiation prolonged;(3)Flavonoid contents of leaves were increased by UV-B radiation,and the highest value of flavonoid contents were showed in UV-B radiation 40 days;(4)Anthocyanin contents in the petals of C.persicum increased under UV-B radiation.
Effects of UV-B radiation on physiology of Cyclamen persicum Mill were studied through indoor simulation experiment.The result showed that:(1)Photosynthesis pigments(chlorphyll a,chlorphyll b and carotinoid)contents increased with UV-B radiation,and decreased with the enhanced UV-B radiation prolonged;(2)Membrane permeability of the leaves were increased by UV-B radiation and increased with the enhanced UV-B radiation prolonged;(3)Flavonoid contents of leaves were increased by UV-B radiation,and the highest value of flavonoid contents were showed in UV-B radiation 40 days;(4)Anthocyanin contents in the petals of C.persicum increased under UV-B radiation.
2007, 25(2): 213-216.
Abstract：
Based on analysis of the contents of N,P,K in Fargesia murielae ,the results showed that the distribution of N,P,K varied significantly from periods to organs.The contents of N,P in different organs were ranked as follows:leaf>rhizome,root>culm.The potassium contents in descending order were rhizome,root,leaf,culm both in non-flowering bamboos and flowering bamboos,and were leaf,rhizome,culm,root in blossomed bamboos.In the process of flowering,the contents of nitrogen decreased;the contents of phosphorus reduced in organs such as culm,rhizome,root,and appeared a changing trend of ascend-descend in leaf;the contents of potassium reduced both in rhizome and root,and appeared a changing trend of descending first and then ascending both in culm and leaf.
Based on analysis of the contents of N,P,K in Fargesia murielae ,the results showed that the distribution of N,P,K varied significantly from periods to organs.The contents of N,P in different organs were ranked as follows:leaf>rhizome,root>culm.The potassium contents in descending order were rhizome,root,leaf,culm both in non-flowering bamboos and flowering bamboos,and were leaf,rhizome,culm,root in blossomed bamboos.In the process of flowering,the contents of nitrogen decreased;the contents of phosphorus reduced in organs such as culm,rhizome,root,and appeared a changing trend of ascend-descend in leaf;the contents of potassium reduced both in rhizome and root,and appeared a changing trend of descending first and then ascending both in culm and leaf.
