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2004  Vol. 22  No. 6

Abstract:
Composite interval mapping was conducted to map both main-effect and digenic epista-(tic) loci for grain plumpness using a doubled haploid population derived from a indica/japonica cross.One main-effect QTL (qGP-7) for the trait was located onto a 26 cM chromosomal region marked by RZ978RG404aRG404c on chromosome 7.This QTL explained 10%-15% of the phenotypic variation.Two pairs of interactions were identified,each accounting for about 20% of the phenotypic variation,suggesting the importance of epistasis as genetic factor of the trait.
Abstract:
A molecular linkage map of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.capitata) was constructed with a 130 F2 population from a cross of two cabbage cultivars using RAPD markers.The map covered a total of 1023.7 cM with an average interval 7.6 cM.On the basis of map,two agrono-(mic) traits,leaf head compactness and core length were analysized by using Mapmaker QTL1.1.Three QTLs for leaf head compactness (qLHC2,qLHC3,qLHC6) were located in 2nd,3rd and 6th linkage groups,they can explained about 62.5% of total phenotypic variation;four QTLs for core length (qCL2a,qCL2b,qCL3,qCL7) were located in 2nd,3rd and 7th linkage groups,they can explained about 59.1% of total phenotypic variation.
Abstract:
In plants,the shikimate pathway is an important metabolism pathway in response to wounding and fungal attack.The genetic analysis of enzymes in the pathway can provide the basic information about their applicability as a genetic marker.In this study,variability and inheritance of shikimate dehydrogenase (SKD;EC 1.1.1.25 ) allozyme,one of the key enzymes in shikimate pathway,was investigated in Castanea mollissima and C.dentata using isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide slad gels.The single-tree progeny method and intra-and interspecific controlled cross families were used for the analyses.The results showed SKD had four activity zones and exhibited species specific banding patterns in Castanea.Two alleles were detected at each four locus and inherited in Mendelian fashion.Locus Skd-1 and Skd-2 unique to C.dentata seemed to be segregated independantly,while a highly significant linkage was observed between two loci Skd-3 and Skd-4 unique to C.mollissima.However,the phenotypic analysis of SKD allozyme banding patterns in F2 populations of C.mollissima×C.dentate revealed that the linkage group between Skd-3 and Skd-4 maybe have been replicated in C.mollissima.It is speculated that Skd-1 and Skd-2 in C.dentata possibly come from repetition linkage groups during a speciation process.Because of expression of the double SKD loci activity,the shikimate pathway in C.mollissima is considered more efficient and consequently,responses of C.mollissima to Cryphonectria parasitica invasion and other microbial attack may be elevated.So the resistance of C.mollissima to chestnut blight is considered increase.This study suggested that SKD allozyme could be a potential genetic marker for aided selection on blight-resistance and have potential application in the backcross-breeding program of C.dentata.
Abstract:
Male sterile line 337S of wheat (Triticum aestivum) was sensitive both to short day-length and low temperature and to long day-length and high temperature.The shape and abortion process of anther and microspores in 337S were investigated in this thesis.The results obtained were summarized as follows:the anthers of 337S were anormaly short and small,and the filaments were so short that the anthers stretched difficultly.The disorder of the middle layer and the disorganization of mesospore ahead of time were the main reason of abortion for 337S.The MI of meiosis was the main stage of microspores degenerating of 337S in short day-length and low temperature.Long day-length and high temperature that occurred during pollen mother cells stage.
Abstract:
A new orchid,Cymbidium micranthum Z.J.Liu et S.C.Chen,is described and illustrated.The type specimen was collected from Maguan of Yunnan.It is similar to some extent to Cymbidium nanulum Y.S.Wu et S.C.Chen,from which it can be easily distinguished by having a pseudobulb 1-1.5 cm long,articulated leaves,incurved-tipped lip and much longer column,and lacking an elongated rhizome underground.
Abstract:
This paper reports eight new records in four genera of Chlamydomonaceae (Volvoca-(les)) in China.
Abstract:
This paper represents the results of an investigation on phytoplankton and water quality in Xiangxi River Watershed during the period from October 1996 to July 1997 and 2003.The results showed that the composition of phytoplankton was dominated by the species of diatoms,green algae and blue-green algae.Diatoms were the most important component,followed by green algae and blue green algae in the period of 1996-1997.In 2003,green algae sat at the primary position,and diatoms were the second.Other algae had also varied in different degree.The cell densities of phytoplankton were changed seasonally.The maximum value and the minimum value were noted in summer and winter,respectively.The water quality of Xiangxi River Watershed had a little destroyed during 6 years.The trophic status of the watershed is at α-β-mesotrophy level,nowadays.
Abstract:
In this paper, fieldworking,literature and data consulting,floristic analysis method have been taken through the research of the gymnosperms of Fujian Province. Those conclusions may be drawn as follow: (1) Being located in the south-eastern part of China along the coast,belonging to typical monsoon climates and above 50% mountainous landforms made Fujian suitable for living and breeding of plants.(2) The gymnospermous flora of Fujian Province consists of 9 families, 24 genera and 44 species(including one endemic family,six endemic genera and 26 (ende-)(mic) spcies), accounting 90.0%,70.59% and 19.13% for corresponding taxa of China, being an important part of the gymnospermous flora of China, too.(3) The data of palaeobotany and age-old,relict,endemic compositions illustrates that the origin of gymnospermous flora of Fujian is age-old; Through geologic distribution analysis of genera types and species subtypes, there are a few the genera tropical composition (only 25.0%), and abundant of the subtropical to temperate ones(up to 75.0%,41.67% in which are subtropical compositions); there are 67.10% subtypes of subtropical species, the results show that gymnospermous flora of Fujian has notable subtropical mountainous character and may be from the subtropical mountains of China.(4) About 30% species such as Tsuga. longibracteata,Fukienia hodginsii,Pinus taiwanensis,Cryptomeria fortunei,Cunninghamia lanceolata et al, are distributed in the mountainous landforms. (5) Among species areal-types, there are 35 species distributed in Nanling Mountains, Nanling mountains not only provides migration passageway for the subtropical compositions of southwest core region, supplies path for tropical compositions of Trop. Asia also; (6) The gymnosperms of Fujian Province is interacting with areas being connected with Fujian Province through Wuyi Mountains and Fujian-Taiwan land bridge, The outcome of coefficient of similarity analysis also indicates that there is closely relationship between gymnospermous flora of Fujian and those of S China, SW China, E China, C China, Taiwan of China.
Abstract:
The areal-types of seed plants in Anhui Province shows it is basically temperate in nature, the geographical elements are complex, and chiefly related with E.Asia . And the contrastive analyses of three ridges (Tiantangzhai ,Duozhijian and Tuojian) in Mt.Dabieshan from the number and composition of seed plants and the coefficienta and similarity of genera and species revealed the interrelationship between the southern slope and the northern slope. So we believe that these flora should belong to the same one, moreover, the vegetation of the whole Dabieshan should be situated in the subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest. When the demarcation line between the warm-temperate and the subtropics is drawn, Dabieshan must be considered as an integrated part. At the same time, combining the statistical results of the number and the chart of the life-forms of spermatophytes in Anhui Province including Mt.Huangshan, Banqiao, Tiantangzhai,Langyashan and Huangzangyu, where there are typical vegetation,the author suggests that one vegetation boundary between warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest lie through the river of Huaihe,and the other vegetation boundary between subtropics evergreen broad-leaved forest and warm-temperate evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest lies through Yeji, Luan, Shucheng, Lujiang, Tongling, Xuancheng to Guangde.
Abstract:
The function of a cold response regulator gene TBCBF3 on membrane composition was studied. Plasma membrane from transgenic plant Arabidopsis Columbia constitutively expressing CBF3 gene and from control was extracted, membrane lipids and proteins were separated for further analysis. The results show that total lipids, total proteins and phospholipids of plasma membrane increased in constitutively expressing CBF3 transgenic plant by 227%, 190% for totoal lipids, and total proteins, by 105.05% for phophoslipids. This effect is similar to that of cold acclimation, indicates that CBF3 induce the changes of the components in plasma membrane during cold acclimation, and play an important role in this process.
Abstract:
The content of the soluble protein and the activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase were determined in the development of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledon at the presence or absence of nitrate. In the early days of the development, the level of the protein and the activities of GS, NADH-GDH, and (NAD+-GDH) in each pair of cotyledons increased whether exogenous nitrogen was existent or not. After 4 days, the level of the protein was constant roughly, though it was declined little at the presence of the exogenous nitrogen. The activities of GS and NADH-GDH fell gradually, but NAD+-GDH was raised markedly. At the absence of the exogenous nitrogen, the levels of the protein, GS, NADH-GDH, and (NAD+-GDH) decreased gradually at the same stage. In the whole course of the development, the activities of GS and NAD+-GDH increased by exogenous nitrogen, and NAD+-GDH activity was promoted remarkably in the late stage of the development particularly.
Abstract:
Alnus formosana,originated in Taiwan Province,is an important pioneer afforestation tree in Taiwan and can fertilize forestry soil.Water is one of the most important factors to restrict the geographical distribution of plant and to influence introduction of tree.The water ecological characteristics of two-years-old seedlings of introduced A.formosana were studied by using Li-6400 photosynthetic system.The main results showed as follows:(1) The diurnal change of transpiration rate(Tr) of leaves during the whole growth period showed a sort of wide and one-peak curve type,and the peak value occurred at about between 13∶00 and 15∶00,and leaves at different positions had different peak value during various seasons.A.formosana is of non midday depression of transpiration.The daily change of stomatal conductance have both one-peak type curve and two-peak type curve;(2) The seasonal change of Tr of various leaves all showed the double-peak curve, and the maximum of Tr during the whole growth period appeared in July, and the diurnal average Tr of leave is 3.25 mmol·m-2·s-1.This tree showed physiological characteristics of both high photosynthesis and strong transpiration;(3) The daily change of water use efficiency(WUE),which was similar to that of Pn, had obvious correlation with that of conductance, and had both the one-peak curve and the double-peak curve.The WUE of June and July were lowest during the whole growing season, and the WUE of August highest;(4) Both the correlative (ana-)(lysis) and the path coefficient analysis all indicated that the air temperature (Tair) or leaf temperature(Tleaf),photosynthetic active radiation (PAR),conductance (Cond) and the relative humidity (RH) are the four most important direct factors to influence the seasonal changes of WUE.
Abstract:
The biological features on growth and fruiting of six pistachio cultivars from the US and Xinjiang of China were studied. Results show that Kerman and 26-18# cultivars can bear nuts after grafted three-year old at Taian, Shandong. Affinity is vary strong between Pistacia vera and Pistacia chinensis about fifty-year old, survival tree rate and survival scion rate of pistachio cultivars grafted are 70%-100%, but there are dying buds (shoots) after 20 May grafted. Growth rhythm appears S-type to leaf and shoot of pistachio cultivars, leaf area index (LAI) mean is 3.98. Three-year old after grafting, there are thirty-one spikes on maximum growing scion and 88.5-116 nuts on each spike, and nuts and kernels develop very well. Each fruit wt. is about 0.81-1.89 g, stone/fruit and kernel/stone are 54.3%-55.0% and 48.1%-59.1%,respectively. Biological features of growth and fruiting on pistachio cultivars are discussed in this paper.
Abstract:
Fir plants contain plenty of polysacchrides and polyphenols.Comparing several standard methods for extracting total RNA from fir plant, a modified method which can eliminate the interferences of polysacchrides and polyphenols in the plant tissues was constructed in the present study. The high-quality RNA sample obtained by the improved CTAB method used to RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) of P450 gene study,and the result indicated that the method is easier for operation and is at lower cost.
Abstract:
The male gametophyte development in a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line 8A of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and its maintainer line 8B were studied by optical and transmission electron microscope.The results showed that microsporogenesis could process normally and there was no difference in the tapetal cell between 8A and 8B lines before tetrad stage.Then, uninucleate pollen of 8A underwent a progressive process of rupture, owing to squeezing by abnormally swelled tapetal cells and to the premature degradation of tapetal cells.Male gametophytes in 8A ruptured before the first mitosis and became sterile.The results from ultrastructure observation revealed the presence of vacuolated mitochondrias in the tapetum of 8A.This suggests that the genetic defects in male-sterility include gross morphological changes in mitochondria and occur on the early stage of anther development.
Abstract:
The study on the stem seconday xylem of Sambucus williamsii, reveals there are vassel elements, fibretracheid, septate fibres and wood fibre in it. The wood belongs to ring porous wood. The ray is hetergeneous rayⅡ.The perforation plate is simple perforation. There are 5 types vassel elements with different location and number of simple perforation on vassel element wall: only one end has a simple perforation plate and the other end has helical thickening; only one end has two simple perforations plates and the other end has helical thickening; each end has a simple type, with helical thickening on the wall; each end has a simple type, with reticular thickening on the wall ;there are 3 simple perforation plates,and one end has two simple types and the other end has one simple type, with reticular thickening.
Abstract:
This paper analyzed the karyotypes of 4 species of triploid poplar. The results were as follows: Populus tomentosa, 2n=3x=57=1 M+31 m+10 sm+15 st; P.×euramericana cv. ’I-214’, 2n=3x=57=2 M+33 m(2 SAT)+10 sm(1 SAT)+10 st(3 SAT)+2 t; P. euramericana cv. Wuhei-1, 2n=3x=57=2 M+38 m(4 SAT)+14 sm(2 SAT)+3 st; P. shanhaiguanensis×(P. simonii×P. pyramidalis-12+Ulmus pumila), 2n =3x=57=35 m+(10 sm)(1 SAT)+(10 st)(2 SAT)+2 t(1 SAT). The results of karyotype analysis showed significant differences between species in triploid P. tomentosa and P.×euramericana. This indicated that their geneone structure and origin were different. This study provided valuable reference for the research of origin and evolution of triploid poplar.
Abstract:
The influences of the genotype and the activated charcoal were investigated on the embyroid yields of microspore in purple flowering stalk(Brassica compestris ssp. chinensis var. pupurea Hort.)among 5 genotypes. The results showed, the highest mean yield was up to 42 embryoids per petri dish, while the lowest was zero. The efficiency of embryoid increased by 3-fold when the activated charcoal was added into the liquid media properly. The embryoids produced from microspore culture were further conducted to regenerate plantlet. The regeneration frequency was the highest (up to 50.1%) while solidified with 1.2% of agar in the medium. When treated at 4℃ for 10 days, the regeneration frequencies of the embryoids rose from 45% to 65%.The optimal ages of embryoids (20-24 d) were vital to plant regeneration, the regeneration frequency decreased remarkably along with the increase of the age of embryoids. The media, B5 and MS, had no distinct difference for plant regeneration.
Abstract:
Two isoforms of glutamine synthetase(GS) were observed using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE) and activity staining in spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves of the different development stages. The activity of one isoform increased gradually and the other one declined gradually. These GS isoforms also were detected in spinach leaves from the different sources.
Abstract:
The rhizoma of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.)Hara, which is wild rare Chinese medicinal plant in the central region of China, was analyzed quanititatively by UV-Vis, HPLC and ICP-AES. The constituents of disogenin, flavone, 19 free amino acids and trace elements in the rhizoma paridis were determined. The analytical results indicate that disogenin, flavone, total free amino acids, Ca, Mg, K and Fe are 0.62%, 0.0628%, 0.33%, 0.77%, 0.20%, 0.98% and 0.20%, respectively, and Zn 44.8 mg/kg, P764 mg/kg.
Abstract:
It is the first reported to cultivate Nostoc commune Vauch by outdoor pond system. The productivity is up to 445.2 g·m-2·d-1, and the size of the colony also increases. The number of infections in mass culture algae is controlled in a low level.